>IOR   SERIES   OF   SCHOOL   BOOKS. 


AD  LIC 

HKTI 

WfTM 


SADLIEK'S 


ELEMENTARY  HISTORY 


OP  THE 


UNITED  STATES 


BY 

A  TEACHER  OF  HISTOEY 


NEW  YORK: 
W.  H.  SADLIER,  PUBLISHER. 


ET[ 
•  i 


Copyright,  1877  and  1896,  by  William  H.  Sadlier. 
Copyright,  1905,  by  Annie  M.  Sadlier. 

W.    P.    20 

EDUCATION  DEPt 


*•          •••••*  J  j 


PKEFACE. 


THERE  are  certain  points  in  the  Elementary  History  oi 
the  United  States  now  submitted  to  the  public,  to  which  it  is 
deemed  proper  to  call  the  attention  of  teachers : 

First,  the  plan,  which  enables  the  pupil  to  associate  easily 
events  with  the  time  and  place  of  their  occurrence ; 

Second,  the  style,  which  is  easy  and  attractive,  pleasing 
incidents  being  freely  interspersed  that  the  pupil  may  be 
won  to  memorize  more  important  matter ; 

Third,  the  combination  of  the  merits  of  the  catechetical 
form  with  those  of  continued  narrative,  by  means  of  a  Synop 
sis  at  the  close  of  each  catechetical  chapter ; 

Fourth,  the  Geographical  and  Chronological  Tables  at  the 
close  of  each  section ; 

Fifth,  the  numerous  and  finely  executed  engravings  which 
serve  to  illustrate  the  text  and'aii?  the  memory  j 

Sixth,  and  most  important,  the  pr^ent&tioii  of  facts  con 
nected  with  the  Catholic  side  of  An'.erican  his'tor)  hitherto 
ignored  (designedly  or  otherwise)  in  historical  text-books. 

With  these  remarks,  the  work  is  submitted  to  teachers 
and  others  interested  in  the  education  of  youth. 

NEW  YORK,  August,  1896. 

541204 


CONTENTS. 


SECTION    I. 

PAGE 

LESSON  I.  —America  Previous  to  1492 1 

"      II.  —Discovery  of  America  by  Columbus 3 

"    III.— Discovery  of  America  by  Columbus  (Contin- 

-,.  r> 

ncd) o 

"    IV.— Chronological  Review,  15th  Century 11 

H      V.— Geographical  Table  No.  1 11 

SECTION     II. 

THE  SIXTEENTH  CENTURY. 

LESSON  I. — Early  Explorations  and  Discoveries. ......  13 

"      II. — Fruitless  Attempts  to  Colonize  Virginia. . .  16 

"    III. — Chronological  Review,  16th  Century 20 

«    IV.— Geographical  Table  No.  2 21 

SECTION     III. 

THE  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 

LESSON  I.— Settlement  of  Virginia 22 

«      II.— New  England 26 

«     III.— Charnplain  and  the  Catholic  Missionaries. .  31 

«     IV.  — The  Early  Missionaries  (Continued) 37 

«      V.  —Settlement  of  New  York 42 

"     VI.— Settlement  of  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and 

Carolina 49 

"  VII.— Chronological  Review,  17th  Century 53 

«  VIII. —Geographical  Table  No.  3 55 


VI  CONTENTS. 

SECTION    IV. 

THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY. 

PAGE 

LESSON  I.  —Events  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  Century . .  57 

"      II.— French  and  Indian  War 61 

"     III.— The  Revolution 67 

"     IV.— The  Revolution  (Continued) 76 

"       V. —The  Revolution  ( Concluded) 83 

"     VI.— Catholicity  and  the  Revolution 88 

"   VII.  —Chronological  Review,  18th  Century ......  96 

"  VIIL —Geographical  Table  No.  4 99 

SECTION    V. 

THE  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

LESSON  L— Jefferson's  Administration  to  Buchanan's. .  101 

"      II.— The  Civil  War , . .  109 

"    III.  — Johnson's  Administration  to  the  Present  Day  1 18 

"    IV.— Chronological  Review,  19th  Century ,.  127 

«      V. —Geographical  Table  No.  5 130 


SECTION   I. 

A.D.  1499  to    A.IX  15OO. 
LESSON    I. 

America  Previous  to  1492. 

1.  How  was  America  peopled? 

America  was  peopled,  probably,  from  Asia  by 
way  of  Bearing  Strait. 

2.  Were  the  Indians,  as  found  by  Columbus,  the  earliest 
inhabitants  ? 

The  Indians  were  preceded  by  a  race  much  more 
civilized  and  skilled  in  the  arts. 

3.  By  what  name  is  this  earlier  race  known? 
The  Mound  Builders. 

4.  What  region  did  the  l^found  Builders  occupy? 

The  whole  extent  of  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 
They  even  penetrated  as  far  north  as  the  copper 
region  of  Lake  Superior. 

5.  What  evidences  have  they  left  there? 
Evidences  of  considerable  skill  in  the  art  of 

working  metals. 

6.  What  are  the  principal    memorials  of    the    Mound 
Builders? 

The  earthworks  which  they  erected. 
1 


2  SADLIEE'S  ELEMENTARY 

7.  In  what  State  are  many  thousands  of  these  earthworks 
found? 

In  Ohio. 

8.  Where  else  may  they  be  seen? 

On  the  terraces  of  the  Mississippi  valley  and  in 
the  forests  bordering  on  the  Mexican  Gulf,  are  to 
be  seen  a  succession  of  earthworks,  mainly  de 
fensive  in  character. 


EARTHWORKS  OF  THE  MOUND   BUILDERS. 

9.  In  connection  with  these  defensive  works,  what  are 
found? 

Other  works,  apparently  of  a  sacred  or  religious 
origin. 

10.  What  are  sometimes  found  in  the  same  mound? 
Elaborate  carvings  in  stone ;  pottery,  often  of 

elegant  design;  articles  of  use  and  ornament  in 
metals  j  silver,  and  native  copper  from  Lake  Su- 


HISTORY  OP  THE   UNITED  STATES.  3 

perior ;  mica  from  the  Alleghanies  j  and  shells  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

11.  What  became  of  the  Mound  Builders? 
Their  fate  is  unknown. 

12.  Had  America  ever  been  visited  by  Europeans  before 
the  time  of  Columbus? 

Iceland  had  been  visited  by  the  Irish  in  the  ninth 
century,  and  the  continent  of  America  in  the  tenth 
century  by  the  Norwegians  or  Northmen. 

13.  Do  these  expeditions  detract  from  the  glory  of  Colum 
bus? 

These  expeditions  do  not  detract  from  the  glory 
of  Columbus ;  for,  long  before  his  time,  all  remem 
brance  of  them  had  faded  from  the  minds  of  the 
inhabitants  of  southern  Europe. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The  Indians  were  not  the  earliest  inhabitants  of  this 
continent.     They  were  preceded  by  a  much  more  civilized 
race,  called  the  Mound  Builders,  whose  fate  is  unknown. 

II.  America  ivas  visited  by  the  Norwegians  in  the 
tenth  century ;  but  long  before  the  close  of  the  fifteenth,  all 
remembrance  of  their  expeditions  had  been  lost  to  southern 
Europe. 


LESSON    II. 

Discovery  of  America  by  Columbus. 
1.  By  whom  was  America  discovered  ir  1492? 
America  was  discovered  in  1492,  by  Christopher 
Columbus,  a  native  of  Gen'oa,  in  Italy. 


4 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


2.  Who  was  Christopher  Columbus? 

He  was  the  son  of  an  Italian  wool  comber ;  and 
until  his  fourteenth  year,  he  assisted  his  father  at 
that  trade. 


'T 


COLUMBUS   IN   HIS  ST'TDY. 


3.  What 

say  of  his  educi 
tion? 

He  spent  some 
time  at  the  Uni- 
versityofPaviiv; 
where  he  ac 
quired  a  great  task  tor  the  mathematical  sciences, 
in  which  he  afterwards  excelled. 

4.  At  what  age  did  he  go  to  sea? 

Iii  his  fifteenth  year,  he  devoted  himself  to  a 
seafaring  life,  which  he  continued,  with  little  in 
termission,  until  his  death. 

5.  Were  Europeans  at  that  time  aware  of  the  existence 
of  America? 

They  were  not;  and  many,  supposing  the  earth 
to  be  a  plane,  believed  that  the  daring  mariner 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  5 

who  might  steer  his  vessel  far  to  the  west,  would 
assuredly  fall  off  into  space. 

6.  What  was  the  opinion  of  Columbus? 
Columbus,  with  many  of  the  learned,  supposed 

the  earth  to  be  a  sphere,  and  believed  that  by  sail 
ing  westward,  he  would  reach  the  eastern  shore  of 
Asia. 

7.  What  was  the  character  of  Columbus? 

He  was  eminently  pious  j  and  it  was  his  firm  con 
viction  that  he  was  an  instrument  in  the  hands  of 
God  to  bring  the  light  of  Christianity  to  nations 
yet  involved  in  heathen  darkness. 

8.  To  whom  did  Columbus  apply  for  aid? 

First,  to  the  government  at  Genoa ;  then,  to  the 
king  of  Portugal ;  but  in  both  cases  without  success. 

9.  Who  finally  assisted  him? 

The  Spanish  sovereigns,  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 

10.  Who  interceded  in  his  behalf  with  Isabella? 

His  faithful  friend,  Juan  Perez,  a  Franciscan 
monk,  superior  of  the  monastery  of  La  Rabida,  at 
Palos  (pa'Ios). 

11.  What  generous  offer  did  Isabella  make? 
Isabella  offered  to  pawn  her  jewels  in  order  to 

defray  the  expenses  of  the  expedition,  if  the  sum 
in  the  treasury  were  found  inadequate. 

12.  What  can  you  say  of  the  treasury  of  Castile  (cas-teel') 
at  that  time? 

It  had  been  much  impoverished  by  late  wars 
with  the  Moors. 


6  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

13.  Was  Isabella  obliged  to  put  her  generous  offer  into 
execution? 

Isabella's  noble  offer  was  not  acted  upon,  as  the 
royal  treasurer  advanced  the  required  sum. 

14.  From  what  port  did  Columbus  sail? 

From  Palos,  on  the  southern  coast  of  Spain. 

15.  On  what  day  did  he  set  sail? 
On  Friday,  August  3d,  1492. 

16.  How  did  the  voyagers  prepare  for  their  departure? 

On  the  morning  of  the  day  previous,  the  voy 
agers  went  in  solemn  procession  to  the  monastery 
of  La  Rabida,  where,  having  confessed  their  sins, 
they  received  Holy  Communion  from  the  hands  of 
Father  Juan  Perez ;  they  then  marched  in  proces 
sion  to  the  vessels. 

17.  What  did  Father  Perez  promise? 

He  promised  to  pray  earnestly  for  the  success  of 
the  undertaking  which  he  had  already  so  materially 
aided. 

18.  Mention  one  of  the  incidents  of  the  voyage. 
When  they  had  sailed  about  sixty  days  and  yet 

discovered  no  land,  the  sailors  became  alarmed  and 
refused  to  go  further.  They  even  threatened  to 
throw  Columbus  overboard. 

19.  How  did  Columbus  act? 

He  remained  firm,  and  declared  that  he  would  pro 
ceed  until  the  enterprise  should  be  accomplished. 

20.  On  what  day  was  land  first  seen? 

On  the  morning  of  Friday,  October  12th,  1492. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 


,, 


COLUMBUS  APPROACHING   LAND. 

21.  What  did  Columbus  on  beholding  land? 

Casting  himself  on  his  knees,  Columbus  com 
menced  to  intone  the  "  Te  Deum,"  and  the  exulting 
mariners,  transported  with  joy,  united  their  voices 
in  one  grand  hymn  of  thanksgiving. 

22.  What  followed  this  act  of  gratitude  to  Heaven? 

One  of  justice  to  their  chief.  They  humbly  im 
plored  his  pardon  for  their  late  mutinous  behavior, 
and  promised  fidelity  to  him  in  future. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  America  ivas  discovered  by  Christopher  Colum 
bus,  in  the  year  1492.     His  vessels  were  fitted  out  for  him 
by  Isabella  the  Catholic,  queen  of  Spain. 

II.  Having  prepared  themselves  by  Confession  and 
Communion,  the  voyagers  set  sail  from  Palos,  a  port  of  Spain, 
»n  the  third  of  August,  and  reached  one  of  the  Bahama 
Islands,  on  the  morning  of  the  twelfth  of  October,  1492. 


8  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


LESSON    III. 

Discovery  of  America. — (Continued.) 

1.  What  did  Columbus  on  landing? 

He  and  his  companions  fell  on  their  knees  and 
kissed  the  ground  they  had  so  long  desired  to  see. 
They  then  erected  a  cross,  and  Columbus  uttered 
aloud  a  short  but  fervent  prayer  of  thanksgiving. 
This  prayer  all  Catholic  discoverers  after  him  were 
long  accustomed  to  repeat. 

2.  What  further? 

Having  drawn  his  sword,  he  declared  that  he  took 
possession  of  the  land  in  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  for  the  crown  of  Castile. 

3.  What  land  did  Columbus  first  discover? 

One  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  which  he  named  San 
Salvador  (Holy  Saviour) ;  and,  supposing  it  to  be 
a  part  of  India,  he  called  the  natives  Indians. 

4.  How  were  the  Spaniards  received  by  the  Indians? 
With  the  greatest  respect.  The  Indians  imagined 

that  the  white  men  had  descended  from  the  skies. 

5.  What  did  Columbus  distribute  among  the  Indians? 
Columbus  distributed  colored  caps,  glass  beads, 

hawks'  bells,  and  other  trifles,  such  as  the  Portu 
guese  were  accustomed  to  trade  with  among  the 
nations  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa. 

6.  How  were  the  Indians  pleased  with  their  presents? 

They  received  them  eagerly,  hung  the  beads 


HISTORY   OP   THE   UNITED   STATES.  9 

around  their  necks,  and  were  wonderfully  delighted 
with  their  finery  and  with  the  sound  of  the  bells. 

7.  When  did  Columbus  return  to  Spain? 

After  having  cruised  for  some  time  among  the 
Bahamas,  and  having  discovered  Cuba,  Hayti,  and 
other  islands,  he  set  sail  for  Spain  in  January,  1493. 

8.  How  many  voyages  to  the  New  World  were  made  by 
Columbus? 

Columbus  made  four  voyages  to  the  New  World. 

9.  Who  accompanied  him  on  his  second  voyage  ? 

On  his  second  voyage  he  was  accompanied  by  a 
number  of  Dominican  missionaries,  destined  to 
labor  for  the  conversion  of  the  Indians. 

10.  When  and  where  was  the  first  Catholic  church  erected 
in  America,  after  the  discovery  of  Columbus? 

At  Isabella,  in  Hayti.  It  was  dedicated  on  the 
Festival  of  the  Epiphany,  1494. 

11.  What  did  Columbus  discover  on  his  third  voyage? 
The  mainland  of  South  America. 

12.  When  and  where  did  Columbus  die? 

Having  been  most  unkindly  and  ungratefully 
treated  by  his  countrymen,  and  even  by  Ferdinand, 
Columbus  died  in  sorrow  and  neglect,  at  Valladolid 
in  Spain. 

13.  How  long  after  the  death  of  Isabella  did  that  of  Colum 
bus  take  place  ? 

Columbus  died  two  years  after  Isabella, 

14.  Where  are  his  remains  at  present? 
In  the  cathedral  at  Seville. 


10  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

15.  From  whom  did  America  receive  its  name! 
From  Amerigo  Vespucci  (ah-md-re'go  ves-poot'- 

che),  an  Italian,  who  accompanied  an  expedition  to 
this  country  in  1499. 

16.  By  whom  was  the  mainland  of  North  America  dis 
covered? 

By  John  Cabot  (kaWbot),  an  Italian  Catholic,  in 
the  service  of  England  (1497). 

17.  Who  accompanied  Cabot  on  his  voyage? 

His  son  Sebastian,  who  also  made  another  voy 
age  of  discovery  the  following  year,  and  explored 
the  coast  from  Labrador  to  Florida. 

18.  What  was  the  result  of  the  voyages  of  the  Cabots? 
These  voyages  laid  the  foundation  of  the  English 

claim  to  North  America. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  Columbus,  on  landing,  erected  a  cross,  and  took 
possession  of  the  country  in  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  for  the  crown  of  Spain.     The  Indians  were  charmed 
with  their  white  visitors,  and  imagined  that  they  had  de 
scended  from  the  skies.    Having  cruised  for  some  time  among 
the  Bahamas  and  discovered  several  other  islands,  Columbus 
returned  to  Spain,  where  he  was  received  with  great  triumph. 

II.  On  his  next  voyage,  which  took  place  in  1493,  lie 
was  accompanied  by  a  number  of  priests ;  and  a  Catholic 
church  was  dedicated  at  Isabella,  in  Hayti,  on  the  Festival 
of  the  Epiphany,  1494.     On  his  third  voyage,  he  discovered 
the  mainland  of  South  America.     Columbus  died  in  Spain, 
neglected  and  unhonored,  an  impressive  example  of  the  in 
gratitude  of  man  and  the  vanity  of  human  hopes. 

III.  In  1497,  John  Cabot  discovered  the  mainland  of 
North  America. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  11 

LESSON     IV. 

Chronological  Review. — Fifteenth  Century. 

1 435.— Columbus  was  born. 

1484.— Columbus  applied  to  the  government  at  Genoa. 

I486.— Columbus  applied  to  the  court  of  Spain. 

14:9%.—  Columbus  sailed  from  Palos. 

1492.— Columbus  discovered  America. 

14:93.  —  Second  voyage  of  Columbus. 

1494. — First  Catholic  church  dedicated  at  Isabella 
(Hayti). 

1497.—  The  Cabots  discovered  Newfoundland. 

1498. — Third  voyage  of  Columbus ;  he  discovered  South 
America. 

1198. — The  Cabots  discovered  the  Atlantic  coast. 

1499. — Amerigo  Vespucci  visited  the  coast  of  South 
America,  which  Columbus  had  discovered  in  1498. 


LESSON    V. 

Geographical  Table  No.  1. 
(Of  places  mentioned  in  preceding  Section.) 

AllegJianies,  or  Appalachian  Mountains,  the  great 
mountain  chain  or  system  which  extends  southwesterly,  and 
in  a  direction  nearly  parallel  to  the  Atlantic  coast,  along 
the  southeastern  side  of  the  North  American  continent.  . 

BaJiama  Islands,  a  group  of  about  five  hundred 
islands  or  rocky  islets,  lying  northeast  of  Cuba  and  east  of 
the  coast  of  Florida,  the  Gulf  Stream  passing  between  them 
and  the  mainland. 

Behring  Strait,  the  channel  which  separates  Asia 
and  America  at  their  nearest  approach  to  each  other,  and 
connects  the  Arctic  with  the  Pacific  Ocean. 


12  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY  HISTORY. 

Castile,  a  former  kingdom  of  Spain,  occupying  the 
great  central  table-land  of  the  peninsula. 

Cuba,  the  largest  of  the  West  India  Islands. 

Genoa,  a  famous  fortified  seaport  city  of  northern  Italy, 
on  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean.  Its  origin  is  said  to  be 
more  remote  than  that  of  Koine. 

Havana,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  and  the 
greatest  commercial  port  of  the  West  Indies. 

Jfaytif  a  rich  and  beautiful  island,  the  second  in  size 
of  the  West  Indies ;  discovered  by  Columbus,  December  5th, 
1492,  and  named  by  him  Hispaniola  (i.  c.,  Little  Spain). 

Iceland,  an  island  belonging  to  Denmark,  and  situated 
between  the  North  Atlantic  and  Arctic  Oceans. 

Isabella,  a  port  on  the  north  coast  of  Hayti,  36  miles 
from  Santiago  (Ilaijti}.  Traces  of  the  first  European  settle 
ment  in  the  New  World  are  said  to  be  still  visible  there. 

Pavia,  a  city  of  northern  Italy,  nineteen  miles  south  of 
Milan,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ticino.  From  its  numerous 
public  edifices,  it  was  once  called  "  The  City  of  a  Hundred 
Towers ; "  but  its  magnificence  and  fame  belong  to  a  former 
age. 

Palos,  a  port  on  the  southern  coast  of  Spain. 

Superior,  Lake,  the  most  westerly  and  most  elevated 
of  the  North  American  chain  of  lakes,  and  the  largest  ex 
panse  of  fresh  water  on  the  globe. 

San  Salvador,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  called  by 
the  natives  Guanahani  (gwaJt-naJi-liaJi'tw). 

Valladolid,  a  city  of  Spain,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Pisuerga  River.  In  the  fifteenth  century  it  was  considered 
the  finest  town  in  Castile ;  but  on  the  removal  of  the  court 
to  Madrid,  it  began  to  decline. 


SECTION    II. 

A.D.   15OO  to  A.D.  16OO, 


LESSON      I. 
Early  Explorations. 

1.  Name  some  of  the  distinguished  discoverers  and  ex 
plorers  who  came  after  Columbus  and  the  Cabots. 

Ojeda  (o-lia'daJi),  Ponce  de  Leon  (pon-thd1  da 
laon),  Balbo'a,  Magel'lan,  Cortez,  Verazzani  (ra- 
rat-tsah'ne),  Cartier  (kar-te-cV),  and  De  Soto,  all  of 
whom  were  Catholics. 

2.  What  can  you  say  of  Ojeda? 

Ojeda,  a  companion  of  Columbus,  sailed  south 
from  Cuba,  and  settled  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  (1510). 

3.  What  did  Ponce  de  Leon  discover? 
Florida,  or  the  Land  of  Flowers  (1512). 

4.  Balboa? 

Balboa  discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean  (1513). 

5.  Magellan? 

Magellan  explored  the  coast  of  South  America, 
discovered  the  strait  which  bears  his  name,  and 
planted  the  cross  on  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
continent  (1520). 


14 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


6.  Cortezf 

Cortez  invaded  and  conquered  Mexico  (1521). 

7.  Verazzani? 

Verazzani,  an  Italian,  in  the  service  of  France, 
explored  the  coast  of  North  America,  from  North 
Carolina  to  Newfoundland  (nu'fund-land),  erected 
crosses  at  various  points,  and  gave  to  the  country 
the  name  of  New  France  (1524). 

8.  Cartier? 

Cartier  penetrated  the  strait  of  Belle  Isle,  entered 
the  St.  Lawrence  (which  he  thus  named  in  honor 
of  that  martyr),  and  erected  a  cross  thirty  feet  high 
on  the  shores  of  Gaspe*  Bay  (1534). 

9.  What   fur 
ther  can  you  say 
of  Cartier? 

Canada  was 
colonized  by 
the  French 
under  Cartier 
(1541). 

10.  What  did 
De     Soto      dis 
covert 

De  Soto  dis 
covered  the 
lower  Missis- 
sippi  (Io41).  DB  SOTO  ON  HIS  WAr  T0  THB  MJSSjSSIPPJ> 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  15 

11.  What  celebrated  missionary  caine  to  the  New  World 
in  1502? 

The  venerable  Dominican,  Bartholomew  Las 
Casas,  who  during  sixty  years  proved  himself  the 
untiring  friend  and  apostle  of  the  Indians. 

12.  Which  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  States? 
St.  Augustine  (aw'gus-teen),  in  Florida. 

13.  By  whom  was  St.  Augustine  founded? 

By  the  Spaniards,  under  Menendez  (1565). 

14.  What  did  St.  Augustine  become? 

The  great  southern  center  of  Catholic  missions 
for  the  Indians. 

15.  Which  is  the  second  oldest  town  in  the  United  States? 

Santa  Fe,  in  New  Mexico,  which  was  also  colo 
nized  by  the  Spanish,  about  seventeen  years  after 
the  settlement  of  St.  Augustine. 

16.  Which  were  the  first  Catholic  missions  within  the 
present  limits  of  the  United  States? 

The  missions  of  the  Dominicans,  Jesuits,  and 
Franciscans,  among  the  Indians  of  Florida.  Before 
the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century,  Fathers  Cancer 
and  Tolosa  (Dominicans),  Martinez,  Segura,  and 
companions  (Jesuits),  Corpa  and  companions  (Fran 
ciscans),  had  each  there  gained  a  martyr's  crown. 

17.  Who  evangelized  the  Indians  of  New  Mexico? 

The  Franciscans  carried  the  Faith  into  what  is 
now  New  Mexico ;  and  before  the  English  had  made 
a  single  settlement  on  our  shores,  whole  tribes  on 
the  Rio  Grande  had  been  converted  and  civilized. 


16  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The  most  famous  discoverers  and  explorers  who 
succeeded  Columbus,  were  Ojeda,  who  settled  Darien ;  De 
Leon,  the  discoverer  of  Florida ;  Balboa,  of  the  Pacific ;  Ma 
gellan,  of  the  strait  which  bears  his  name ;  Cortez,  who  in 
vaded  and  conquered  Mexico ;  Verazzani,  who  explored  a 
great  portion  of  the  coast  of  North  America ;  Cartier,  the 
discoverer  of  the  St.  Lawrence ;  and  De  Soto,  of  the  lower 
Mississippi. 

II.  In  15O2,  Las  Casas,  the  celebrated  missionary,  came 
to  the  New  World ;  and,  during  the  sixty  years  which  suc 
ceeded,  he  devoted  to  the  Indians  his  energies  and  his  life. 

III.  Spain  led  the  way  in  the  colonization  of  this  coun 
try.  St.  Augustine  and  Santa  F6,  the  oldest  settlements  with 
in  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  were  founded  by  that 
nation.     Spanish  missionaries  also,  from  the  first,  devoted 
themselves  to  the  conversion  of  the  Indians ;  and  before  the 
close  of  the  sixteenth  century,  many  missionaries  had  shed 
their  blood  in  that  cause. 

IV.  Tfie  nations  ofn  orthern  Europe  did  not  attempt 
to  take  possession  of  the  continent  or  to  make  any  settle 
ments  until  1584,  at  which  time  every  accessible  part  of  it, 
except  the  Atlantic  slope,  was  alread7  in  possession  of  the 
Spaniards  and  French. 

LESSON    II. 

Fruitless  Attempts  to  Colonize  Virginia. 

1.  Who,  in  1583,  received  a  grant  of  extensive  territory 
in  this  country? 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh  (raw'ly). 

2.  From  whom  did  he  receive  this  grant? 

From  Queen  Elizabeth  of  England,  of  whom  he 
was  a  favorite. 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  17 

3.  What  name  did  he  give  to  the  territory? 
Virginia,  in  honor  of  the  queen. 

4.  How  had  he  obtained  Elizabeth's  favor? 
Meeting  the  queen  one  day  while  she  was  walking, 

and  observing  a  wet  place  in  her  path,  he  instantly 
took  off  his  costly  mantle  and  spread  it  over  the  spot 
for  the  royal  feet  to  tread  upon.  This  act  of  courtesy 
so  pleased  the  queen  that  she  admitted  him  to  court, 
and  continued  to  favor  him  during  her  lifetime. 

5.  When  did  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  send  a  colony  to  Virginia ! 
Iii  1584.  The  colonists  settled  on  Roanoke  Island, 

but  made  no  effort  to  cultivate  the  soil ;  hence  dis 
tress  and  want  soon  followed. 

6.  By  whom  were  the  colonists  taken  back  to  England? 
By  Sir  Francis  Drake,  who  happened  to  stop 

there  on  one  of  his  exploring  tours. 

7.  When  did  Raleigh  make  a  second  attempt  to  colonize 
Virginia? 

A  second  attempt  was  made  in  1587 ;  but  the 
governor,  having  gone  to  England  for  supplies,  was 
unable  to  return  for  three  years.  Then  no  traces 
of  the  colony  were  to  be  found. 

8.  What    tradition  have  the  Indians  concerning  these 
colonists? 

The  Indians  say  that  these  colonists  were  adopted 
by  the  Hatteras  tribe  and  became  mingled  with 
them.  Among  those  received  by  this  tribe  was  an 
infant  named  Virginia  Dare,  the  first  English  child 
born  in  America. 


18 


SADLIER'S  EIJEMENTARY 


9.  What  resulted  from 
these  attempts  to  colo- 

__       nize  Virginia? 

m,         .    ,       ,      ,. 
The    introduction 

EALEIQH  SMOKING.  of  tobacco   and   the 

potato  into  England. 

10.  What  amusing  incident  occurred  in  connection  with 
the  introduction  of  tobacco  into  England? 

Sir  "Walter  Raleigh  had  acquired  the  habit  of 
smoking  (then  a  novelty  in  England).  One  day  a 
servant,  having  entered  his  room  and  found  him 
enveloped  in  smoke,  imagined  he  was  on  fire,  and 
speedily  dashed  upon  him  a  bucket  of  water. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES.  19 

11.  What  did  Raleigh  in  consequence  of  these  unsuc 
cessful  attempts? 

He  transferredhispatentto  the  London  Company. 

12.  What  had  previously  occurred  in  Virginia? 

The  soil  of  Virginia  had  previously  been  bedewed 
with  the  blood  of  martyrs.  Father  Segnra  and  his 
companions  attempted  a  mission  there  (in  1578), 
but  were  cruelly  put  to  death  by  the  Indians. 

13.  At  the  close  of  the  16th  century,  which  were  the  only 
permanent  settlements  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  I 

St.  Augustine  and  Santa  Fe. 

14.  Why  did  colonization  proceed  so  slowly? 

The  difficulties  attending  the  passage  of  the 
Atlantic,  the  perils  of  the  wilderness,  and  the 
treachery  of  the  Indians,  all  conspired  to  prevent 
rapid  colonization. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  In  1584,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  who  had  received  from 
Queen  Elizabeth  of  England  the  grant  of  extensive  territory 
in  America,  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  colonize  Vir 
ginia.     The  colonists,  famine-stricken  and  unhappy,  were 
taken  back  to  England  by  Sir  Francis  Drake. 

II.  A  second   attempt  in  1587  proved  equally  unsuc 
cessful  ;  and  Raleigh  finally  transferred  his  patent  to  the 
London  Company. 

The  chief  result  of  these  attempts  was  the  introduction 
of  tobacco  and  the  potato  into  England. 

III.  Previously  to  these  events,  in  1578,  the  soil  of 
Virginia  had  been  sanctified  by  the  blood  of  the  martyrs, 
Father  Segura  and  companions. 

IV.  At  the  close  of  the  16th  century,  the  only  settle 
ments  in  the  United  States  were  St.  Augustine  and  Santa  F6. 


20  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

LESSON    III. 

Chronological  Review.— Sixteenth  Century. 

15OO.— Columbus  in  chains. 

15O2.—~Las  Casas  came  to  America. 

15O6.— Columbus  died. 

15 1O, — Ojeda  settled  Darien. 

1512.— DG  Leon  discovered  Florida. 

1513.— Balboa  discovered  the  Pacific. 

1 52O.—  Magellan's  Voyage. 

1521,—CoTtcz  conquered  Mexico. 

1524:. — Verazzani  explored  the  coast  of  North  America. 

J534.— Cartier  discovered  the  Gulf  and  River  St.  Law 
rence. 

1541.— De  Soto  discovered  the  Mississippi. 

1 54 f>.— Fathers  Cancer  and  Tolosa  martyred  in  Florida. 

1 5 05.  —  St.  Augustine  founded. 

1565.—  Father  Martinez   martyred  by  the   Indians  in 
Florida. 

1578.— Father  Segura  and  companions  martyred. 

1 582.—  Santa  F<5  founded;  the  Franciscans  evangelize 
New  Mexico. 

1583.— Sir  Walter  Raleigh  received  a  grant  of  territory 
in  the  New  World. 

1584. 


.  Unsuccessful  attempts  to  settle  Virginia. 
15cf7.  ' 

1597. — Father  Do  Corpa  and  companions  martyred  in 
Florida. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED  STATES.  21 


LESSON    IV. 

Geographical  Table  No.  2. 

Bette  Isle,  Strait  of,  one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  between  the  coasts  of  Labrador  and  Newfound 
land. 

Florida,  a  peninsula  and  State  in  the  southeast  part 
of  the  United  States. 

Gaspe  Bay ',  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Magellan  Strait  divides  the  continent  of  South  Amer 
ica  from  the  island  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  It  is  upwards  of  300 
miles  long,  and  is  of  difficult  navigation. 

Panama  (formerly  called  Darien),  Isthmus  of,  a  neck 
of  land  joining  North  and  South  America.  Being  one  of  the 
routes  of  communication  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Oceans,  it  is,  consequently,  of  great  importance.  It  was 
from  a  mountain  top  on  this  isthmus  that  Balboa  first  saw 
the  Pacific. 

Rio  Grande,  an  important  river  of  North  America.  It 
rises  in  Colorado,  flows  in  a  generally  southeasterly  direc 
tion,  and  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  forms  the 
boundary  between  Texas  and  Mexico. 

Roanoke  River,  a  river  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 

Santa  Fc,  the  capital  of  New  Mexico.  It  stands  on  a 
plateau  which  is  elevated  about  7,000  feet  above  the  sea,  and 
a  short  distance  from  the  base  of  a.  snow-capped  mountain 
which  rises  5,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  city. 

St.  Augustine,  a  city  of  Florida,  200  miles  southeast  of 
Tallahassee  and  the  oldest  in  the  United  States.  The  mild 
ness  of  the  climate  and  the  refreshing  breezes  from  the  sea 
render  this  a  famous  winter  residence  for  invalids. 

St.  Lawrence,  fho  principal  river  of  Canada,  and  the 
outlet  of  the  Great  Lakes. 


SECTION    III. 

A.D.  16OO  to  A.D.  17OO. 


LESSON    I. 

Settlement  of  Virginia. 

1.  When  was  the  first  permanent  English  settlement  made 
in  North  America? 

In  1G07,  at  Jamestown,  in  Virginia. 

2.  Of  whom  did  this  colony  consist? 

Chiefly  of  adventurers  unfit  for  a  new  settlement. 

3.  Who  were  the  most  noted  men  hi  the  colony? 
Gosnold  and  Smith. 

4.  What  did  Smith  soon  do? 

He  explored  the  country  and  visited  Powhatan, 
the  most  powerful  chief  of  the  Virginia  tribes. 

5.  Mention  one  of  Smith's  adventures. 

Once,  while  exploring  the  Chick ahominy  River, 
he  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  Indians  and  led  to 
Powhatan.  Having  been  at  length  condemned  to 
death,  he  was  about  to  be  executed,  when  Po-ca- 
hon-tas,  the  favorite  daughter  of  Powhatan,  inter 
ceded  for  him  and  saved  his  life. 
22 


HISTORY   OP   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


23 


, 


POOAHONTAS. 


6.  What  followed  this? 

A  peaceful  intercourse 
was  established  between 
the  English  and  the  tribes 
of  Powhatan. 

7.  How    did     Pocahontas 
act? 

She  continued  to  be 
friend  the  colony ;  and  for  some  time,  she  and  her 
companions  came  every  day  with  baskets  of  corn 
for  the  garrison. 

8.  What  further  can  you  say  of  Pocahontas  ? 

She  was  instructed  in  the  doctrines  of  Chris 
tianity  by  an  Englishman,  John  Rolfe,  who  soon 
afterwards  made  her  his  wife. 

9.  How  did  Pocahontas  end  her  career? 

Three  years  later,  she,  with  her  husband,  sailed 
for  England,  where  she  was  received  with  great 
kindness  and  distinction.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 


24  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

two,  as  she  was  preparing  to  return  to  the  New 
World,  she  fell  a  victim  to  the  English  climate. 

10.  What  happened  in  1609? 

Smith,  having  been  injured  by  an  accidental  ex 
plosion  of  gunpowder,  was  obliged  to  return  to 
England  for  surgical  aid. 

11.  After  his  departure  what  occurred? 

The  Indians,  110  longer  bound  by  his  personal 
influence,  became  hostile.  The  stock  of  provisions 
in  the  colony  having  been  rapidly  consumed,  the 
Indians  refused  to  furnish  more,  and  the  horrors 
of  famine  ensued. 

12.  By  what  name  is  this  period  known? 

It  is  known  as  THE  STARVING  TBIE. 

13.  How  were  the  colonists  relieved? 

By  the  timely  arrival  of  supplies  from  England. 

14.  What  plant  did  the  colonists  commence  to  cultivate 
in  1615? 

Tobacco,  which  eventually  became  the  principal 
product  and  even  the  currency  of  the  colony. 

15.  In  what  year  was  slavery  introduced  into  the  colony? 
Slavery  was  introduced  into  Virginia  in  1G20. 

16.  Who  succeeded  Powhatanf 

His  brother,  Opecancanough  (o-pe-Jcan-Jcan'o). 

17.  What  incident  is  related  of  Opecancanough? 

A  house  having  been  built  for  him  after  the 
English  fashion,  he  was  so  delighted  with  the  lock 
and  key  that  he  would  lock  and  unlock  the  door 
a  hundred  times  a  day. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  25 

18.  Was  he  favorable  to  the  whites? 

Opecaucanough  was  hostile  to  the  settlers.  Hav 
ing  witnessed  with  sorrow  the  decline  of  his  own 
race,  he  formed  a  plan  to  exterminate  the  whites. 

19.  When  was  his  plan  carried  into  execution? 
March  22,  1622.     In  one  hour,  three  hundred 

and  forty-seven  men,  women,  and  children  were 
massacred. 

20.  What  followed  this  massacre? 

A  war,  in  which  the  Indians  were  defeated. 

21.  What  occurred  in  1676? 

Bacon's  Rebellion,  so  called  from  the  name  of 
its  leader. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The  first  permanent  English  settlement  was 

made  at  Jamestown,  Virginia,  in  1607.  The  colony  at  first 
experienced  many  difficulties ;  but,  through  the  abilities  of 
Captain  John  Smith,  one  of  its  founders,  it  was  saved  from 
ruin.  In  1609,  Smith,  having  met  with  an  accident,  was 
obliged  to  return  to  England  for  surgical  aid,  and  a  period 
of  famine  ensued,  known  as  THE  STARVING  TIME. 

II.  During  his  stay  in  Virginia,  Smith  had  met  with 
many  adventures,  had  explored  Chesapeake  Bay  and  other 
places,  and  had  secured  the  friendship  of  Powhatan,  the 
Indian  king. 

III.  In  1615  the  cultivation  of  tobacco  was  commenced 
in  the  colony ;  in  1620  slavery  was  introduced ;  and  in  1622 
a  terrible  massacre  occurred  in  which  more  than  three  hun 
dred  persons  fell  victims  to  the  fury  of  the  Indians.     In  the 
war  which  followed  the  Indians  were  defeated. 


26 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


LESSON     II. 

New  England. 

1.  By  whom  was  the  first  attempt  at  settlement  in  New 

England  made  ? 

By  Jesuit  missionaries  at  St.  Saviour,  on  Mt. 
Desert  Island,  in  1612. 

2.  For  what  purpose  was  the  settlement  established? 
For  the  conversion  of  the  Abnaki  Indians,  who 

had  already  shown  favorable  dispositions. 


sir        3.  What  incident  oc 
curred  about  this  time? 
One  day,    Father 
Biard,  a  missionary, 
having    crossed    to 
FATHER  BIARD  AND  THE  INDIAN  BRAVE,  the  mainland,  heard 

plaintive  cries  in  the 
distance.     On  penetrating  further,  he  found  an 


HISTORY   OP  THE   UNITED   STATES.  27 

Indian  brave  holding  in  his  arms  his  dying  child, 
and  the  whole  village  gathered  round  him  in  sym 
pathy.  Touched  with  pity,  the  good  priest  bap 
tized  the  babe,  and  prayed  for  its  recovery.  This 
was  the  first  Sacrament  administered  in  the  State 
of  Maine,  and  the  child  recovered. 

4.  What  was  the  fate  of  the  St.  Saviour  mission? 

It  was  attacked  and  destroyed  by  Argall,  a 
Virginia  sea  captain. 

5.  What  was  done  with  the  colonists? 

Some  were  put  on  board  a  vessel  bound  for 
France,  and  others  transferred  to  the  Chesapeake. 

6.  What  did  the  Indians? 

About  thirty  years  after,  the  Abnakis  sent  a 
deputation  of  their  chief's  to  Quebec,  to  ask  for  a 
priest.  Their  petition  was  granted ;  and,  through 
the  labors  of  Father  Druillettes  (drwee-yef)  and  other 
missionaries,  this  powerful  tribe  was  converted. 

7.  When,  and  by  whom,  was  Massachusetts  settled? 

Massachusetts  was  first  settled  in  1620,  by  a 
body  of  English  Puritans,  called  Pilgrims. 

8.  Who  were  these  colonists? 

They  were  English  Protestants  who,  having  been 
persecuted  by  their  Protestant  fellow-countrymen, 
took  refuge  in  this  country. 

9.  What  name  did  they  give  to  the  place  at  which  they 
landed? 

Plymouth  (plim'uth),  in  honor  of  the  English 
port  from  which  they  sailed;  and  the  rock  on 


28  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

which  they  landed  is  still  held  in  reverence  by  the 
people  of  New  England. 

10.  At  what  season  of  the  year  did  they  reach  America? 

In  midwinter.  Their  sufferings  were,  conse 
quently,  intense ;  and  before  spring,  death  had 
taken  forty-six  of  their  number. 

11.  By  whom  were  the  Pilgrims  visited  in  1621? 

By  Massasoit  (mas'sa-soit),  chief  of  a  tribe  pos 
sessing  the  country  north  of  Narragansett  Bay. 

12.  What  was  concluded   between  Massasoit  and  the 
colonists  ? 

A  treat}7  of  peace  and  alliance,  which  was  sacredly 
kept  for  more  than  half  a  century. 

13.  Did  the  Pilgrims  prove  tolerant  in  religious  matters  f 
They  proved  very  intolerant,  and  persecuted  all 

who  dared  to  worship  God  in  a  manner  different 
from  that  which  they  had  established. 

14.  What  settlements  were  made  in  consequence  of  this 
state  of  things? 

Providence,  Rhode  Island,  was  settled  by  Roger 
Williams  (1636) ;  and  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  by 
John  Wheelwright  (1637).  Wheelwright  and  Wil 
liams  had  both  been  banished  from  Massachusetts, 
on  account  of  their  religious  opinions. 

15.  What  incident  happened  about  this  time? 

A  tribe  of  Indians  at  war  with  Massasoit  sent 
to  the  colonists,  in  token  of  hostility,  a  bundle  of 
arrows  wrapped  up  in  the  skin  of  a  rattlesnake. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


29 


16.  How  was  it  answered  by  Governor  Bradford? 

He  returned  the  skin  stuffed  with  powder  and 
shot. 

17.  What  effect  d*id  this  produce? 

The  hostile  Indians  were  glad  to  make  friend 
ship  with  a  race  whose  weapons  of  war  were  so  ter 
rible. 

18o  In  what  war 
were  the  whites  in 
volved  about  the  year 
1675? 

An  Indian  war 
known  as  King 
Philip's. 

19.  What  led  to  it? 

On  the  death  of 
the  faithful  Massa- 
soit7  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  his  son 
Alexander,  who  was 
soon  after  put  to 
death  by  the  whites. 
Alexander's  brother, 
King  Philip,  deter 
mined  to  avenge  this 
KING  PHILIP.  and  other  wrongs  of 

his  nation. 

20.  What  is  said  of  King  Philip's  War? 

It  was  noted  for  great  cruelties  and  sufferings 
on  both  sides. 


30  SADLJER'S  ELEMENTARY 

21.  What  can  you  say  of  Captain  Church,  the  most  dis« 
tinguished  officer  on  the  English  side? 

If  we  may  believe  his  own  account,  he  perpe 
trated  the  most  savage  cruelties  ton  the  Indians. 

22.  What  put  an  end  to  the  war? 

Philip  was  chased  from  one  hiding  place  to  an 
other,  his  family  was  captured,  and  he  himself  was 
at  last  shot  by  a  faithless  Indian. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  In  New  England,  the  first  attempt  at  settlement 
was  made  by  Jesuit  missionaries  at  St.  Saviour,  on  Mt.  Desert 
Island.     The  mission  had  been  planned  with  a  view  to  the 
conversion  of  the  Abnaki  Indians,  who  had  shown  dispositions 
favorable  to  Christianity.     While  the  buildings  were  still  in 
course  of  erection,  Argall,  an  infamous  Englishman  from 
Virginia,  attacked  the  place  and  carried  off  the  colonists. 

II.  In  Massachusetts,  the  first  settlement  was  made 
in  1620,  at  Plymouth,  by  a  band  of  English  Protestants,  some 
times  called  Pilgrims.     Although  they  had  been  driven  from 
England  by  the  persecution  of  their  Protestant  fellow-coun 
trymen,  they,  in  their  new  home,  proved  very  intolerant,  and 
in  turn  persecuted  all  who  differed  from  them  in  religion. 

III.  This  state  of  affairs  led  to  the  settlement  of 
Rhode  Island  and  New  Hampshire. 

IV.  About  1675,  the  whites  were  involved  in  a  contest 
with  the  Indians,  known  as  King  Philip's  War.     It  termi 
nated  on  the  death  of  Philip. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


31 


LESSON     III. 

Champlain  and  the  Catholic  Missionaries  of  the 
Seventeenth  Century. 

1.  Who  was  the  most  distinguished  of  the  successors  of 
dirtier  in  Canada? 

Champlain  (sliam-plane!). 

2.  What  can  you  say  of  Champlain? 

He  was  the  navigator  of  the  Upper  St.  Lawrence, 

the  discoverer  of 
the  lake  which 
bears  his  name 
(1609),  also  of  the 
Lake  of  the  Holy 
Sacrament  (now 
Lake  George),  the 
founder  of  many 
towns,  especially 
Quebec  (1608),  the 
patron  of  the  mis- 


of  the  Indians,  the 
first  and  best  governor  of  Canada. 

3.  What  has  he  been  justly  styled? 
The  Father  of  New  France. 

4.  How  does  he  commence  the  narrative  of  his  voyages? 
With  these  words  :  "  The  salvation  of  a  soul  is 

of  more  value  than  the  conquest  of  an  empire." 


32  SADLJER'S  ELEMENTARY 

5.  What  took  place  in  Canada  and  its  vicinity,  as  soon  as 
colonization  commenced? 

The  Franciscan  and  Jesuit  missionaries  traversed 
the  country  in  all  directions,  gladly  enduring  suf 
ferings,  and  even  death,  for  the  salvation  of  the 
Indians. 

6.  What  can  you  say  of  the  labors  of  the  early  Jesuit 
missionaries  f 

The  history  of  their  labors  is  connected  with  the 
origin  of  every  celebrated  town  in  French  America. 

7.  What  says  the  historian  Bancroft  on  this  subject? 

"  Not  a  cape  was  turned  or  a  river  entered,"  says 
Bancroft,  "  but  a  Jesuit  led  the  way." 

8.  What  can  you  say  of  the  early  Catholic  missionaries 
throughout  the  country? 

They  were  the  first  explorers  of  our  Northern 
lakes  and  rivers ;  the  first  to  descend  the  Missis 
sippi  and  to  ascend  the  Missouri ;  while,  in  many 
of  the  States,  the  beginning  of  a  settlement  was 
formed  around  the  humble  cross  which  marked 
the  site  of  a  Catholic  mission. 

9.  What  further  can  you  say  of  the  missionaries  f 
They  were  the  first  to  introduce  the  orange, 

sugar  cane,  and  vine  at  the  South,  and  wheat  and 
the  plough  on  the  prairies ;  the  first  to  discover  the 
oil  springs  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  salt  springs  of 
New  York,  and  to  work  the  copper  mines  of  Lake 
Superior. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  33 

10.  What  of  the  missionaries  in  the  Southwest? 
Long  before  the  English  had  settled  on  our 

shores,  Catholic  missionaries  had  made  known  the 
name  of  Christ  to  the  Indians  of  New  Mexico  j  had 
scaled  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  had  passed  again  and 
again  the  Gila  and  Colorado  rivers  (which,  in 
our  day,  are  attracting  so  much  attention) ;  and 
had  traversed  the  whole  continent,  from  ocean 
to  ocean. 

11.  Name  some  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  early 
Jesuit  missionaries  in  the  North. 

Fathers  Breboeuf  (bre-buf),  Daniel,  Lallemant 
(lal'mahn),  Allouez  (al-ou-a1),  Dablon,  Marquette 
(mar-kef),  Druillettes,  and  Jogues. 

12.-  What  can  you  say  of  Breboouf  ? 

Having  labored  with  untiring  devotedness  for 
more  than  twenty  years  (commencing  1625)  among 
the  Hurons,  he  at  length,  with  his  associates,  the 
pious  Daniel  and  gentle  Lallemant,  fell  a  victim 
to  his  zeal,  and  gained  a  martyr's  crown  at  the 
hands  of  the  hostile  Iroquois  (e-ro-kwah') 

13.  Who  were  the  Iroquois? 

They  were  the  most  fierce,  most  powerful,  and 
most  bloodthirsty  of  the  Indian  clans  of  North 
America. 

14.  How  were  they  divided? 

Into  five  nations:  the  Senacas,  Cayugas  (ki-oo1- 
gns)j  Onondagas  (on-on-dah'gas),  Oneidas  (o-ni'das), 
and  Mohawks.  Of  these,  the  Mohawks  were  the 
most  cruel. 


34 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


15.  What  territory  did  they  occupy? 

Chiefly  to  the  central  part  of  New  York,  from 
the  Mohawk  to  the  Genesee. 

16.  How  were  they  regarded  by  the  other  tribes? 
With  terror  and  distrust.     When  the  French 

arrived,  the  Hurons  and  Iroquois  were  at  deadly 
enmity,  and  the  French,  proving  friendly  to  the 
former,  were  long  the  objects  of  the  hostility  of 
the  Iroquois. 

17.  What  shall 
we  see  later? 

We  shall  find 
that  even  these 
fierce  warriors 
could,  with  the 
grace  of  God,  be 
brought  to  bow 
their  necks  to 
the  yoke  of 
Christ,  and  be 
come  peaceful, 
pious,  and  in 
dustrious.  (See 
page  44.) 

18.  Describe  the  death  of  Breboeuf. 

When  he  saw  the  stake  destined  for  his  torture, 
he  kissed  it  with  respect.  So  earnestly  did  he  ex 
hort  his  companions  to  be  firm  that  the  brutal  Iro 
quois  cut  off  his  lips  and  tongue.  In  mockery  of 


IROQUOIS  INDIAN. 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  35 

Baptism,  they  poured  boiling  water  upon  his  head ; 
then,  having  made  a  necklace  of  red-hot  hatchet- 
heads,  they  hung  it  about  his  neck.  They  tore 
away  his  flesh  in  strips,  and  having  cut  his  scalp 
into  the  semblance  of  a  crown,  they  tore  it  from  his 
head. 

19.  How  long  did  he  endure  these  tortures? 

Three  hours;  then  his  soul  passed  to  Eternal 
Glory  (1649). 

20.  What  can  you  say  of  his  life  ? 

His  life  is  the  history  and  the  glory  of  the  Huron 
mission.  At  his  death  (1649)  the  Christian  Huron  s 
numbered  eight  thousand.  Archbishop  Spaulding 
styles  him  "the  Apostle  of  the  Hurons  and  the 
Xavier  of  North  America." 

21.  What  effect  did  the  news  from  the  American  missions 
produce  in  Europe? 

It  excited  great  zeal  and  enthusiasm.  Youngmen 
left  camp  and  court  to  enter  the  Jesuit  Order,  in 
hopes  of  sharing  the  toil  of  the  missionaries ;  the 
Hospital  Nuns  and  the  Ursulines  left  home  and 
country  to  minister  to  the  spiritual  and  temporal 
wants  of  the  Indians ;  and  the  young  Marquis  de 
Gam  ache  (gam-ash1)  gave  his  ample  fortune  to  en 
dow  the  first  college  at  Quebec  (1635). 

22.  What  can  you  say  of  the  College  of  Quebec? 
It  is  the  oldest  University  north  of  Mexico. 


36  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  One  of  the  most  distinguished  successors  of  Car- 
tier  was  Samuel  Champlain,  the  founder  of  Quebec  (1608) 
and  the  first  governor  of  Canada.     He  gained  the  good  will 
of  the  Indians,  brought  out  colonists  and  missionaries  to 
settle  the  country  and  convert  the  Indians,  and  himself 
explored  much  of  New  York  and  Canada. 

II.  At  the  North,  as  elsewhere,  Catholic  missionaries 
were  the  pioneers  in  the  work  of  exploration  and  colonization, 
not  for  earthly  gain  or  glory,  but  to  win  souls  for  Heaven. 
The  history  of  their  labors  forms  one  of  the  brightest  pages 
in  the  annals  of  our  country. 

III.  They  were  the  first  to  explore  our  great  lakes  and 
rivers,  and  in  most  of  the  States  to  commence  a  settlement ; 
the  first  to  introduce  improvements  in  agriculture,  and  in 
many  ways  to  utilize  the  natural  resources  of  the  country. 

IV.  ^Better  than  all  this,  they  were  the  first  to  make 
known  the  name  of  Christ  amid  the  snows  of  New  England, 
the  tropical  forests  of  Florida,  the  picturesque  wilds  of  Colo 
rado  and  the  Pacific  slope,  and  along  the  peaceful  shores  of 
the  Chesapeake.      Most  frequently  they  terminated  their 
career,  as  in  the  case  of  Breboeuf ,  Lallemant,  and  Daniel,  by  a 
martyr's  death,  thus  baptizing  the  very  soil  with  their  blood. 

Is  it  then  any  marvel  that  the  Church  flourishes  in  our 
land?     The  blood  of  martyrs  is  still  the  seed  of  Christianity. 

V.  So  great  was  the  enthusiasm  excited  in  Europe 
by  the  missionaries  to  the  New  World,  that  it  drew  from 
camp  and  court  many  a  noble  youth,  and  from  scenes  of 
wealth  and  gayety  many  a  fair  lady,  to  labor  for  the  salva 
tion  of  the  Indians  in  the  wilds  of  America. 

VI.  In  1635  the  first  college  at  Quebec  was  founded, 
through  the  generosity  of  the  young  Marquis  de  Gainache. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  37 

LESSON     IV. 

The  Early  Missionaries. — (Continued.) 

1.  What  portion  of  our  country  was  explored  and  evan 
gelized  by  Allouez,  Dablon,  and  Marquette  ? 

The  territory  bordering  on  Lakes  Superior  and 
Michigan. 

2.  What  does  the  historian  Bancroft  style  these  three 
missionaries? 

"  The  Illustrious  Triumvirate." 

3.  What  can  you  say  of  the  labors  of  Father  Marquette  ? 
Having  already  founded  the  Missions  of  Sault  (so) 

St.  Mary  and  Mackinaw,  Father  Marquette  discov 
ered  and  explored  the  Upper  Mississippi,  which  he 
called  the  "  River  of  the  Immaculate  Conception." 

4.  What  effect  had  this  voyage? 

This  voyage,  having  revealed  to  the  world  that  the 
St.  Lawren.ce  could  connect  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
by  an  almost  uninterrupted  chain  of  lakes,  rivers, 
and  streams,  gave  to  France  the  first  idea  of  colo 
nizing  Louisiana. 

5.  What  other  rivers  did  Marquette  explore? 

The  Missouri,  Ohio,  Arkansas,  and  Illinois. 

6.  Describe  the  last  hours  of  Father  Marquette. 
Being  on  his  homeward  route,  and  feeling  his 

end  approach  ing,  he  bade  his  companions  moor  their 
little  bark  on  the  shores  of  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  Lake  Michigan.  They  laid  him,  like  St 


38 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


Francis  Xavier,  upon  the  shore,  and  stretched  some 
birch  bark  upon  poles  above  him. 


DEATH  OF  FATHER  MAR^UETTE. 

7.  What  did  he  then  do? 

He  gave  them  his  last  directions,  thanked  them 
for  their  loving  care,  heard  their  confessions,  and, 
at  length,  with  the  names  of  Jesus  and  Mary  on 
his  lips,  his  eyes  fixed  on  the  crucifix,  his  face  radi 
ant  with  joy,  he  surrendered  his  pure  soul  into  the 
hands  of  his  Creator  (1675). 

8.  Where  were  his  remains  taken? 

To  the  Isle  of  Mackinaw.  His  name  is  invoked 
by  the  boatmen  when  the  lake  is  agitated  by  storms, 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  39 

and  the  Indians  call  him  "  The  Angel  of  the  Ottawa 
Mission." 

9.  What  has  Father  Marquotte  been  deservedly  styled? 
"  The  Father  of  the  West."     "  The  West,"  says 

Bancroft,  "  will  build  his  monument." 

10.  Who  was  the  next  great  explorer  of  the  Mississippi? 
La  Salle. 

11.  What  can  you  say  of  La  Salle? 

He  was  the  first  navigator  of  the  great  lakes  On 
tario,  Erie,  Michigan,  and  Huron ;  bnt  more  than 
this,  he  explored  the  Mississippi  from  the  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  thus 
identified  the  "  Great  River  "  of  Marquette  with  the 
" Great  River"  of  De  Soto  (1682). 

12.  What  can  you  say  of  his  character? 

His  Catholic  character  is  conspicuous  in  every 
act.  He  planted  the  Cross  wherever  he  landed, 
even  for  an  hour,  and  made  the  western  wilderness 
echo  with  hymns  of  praise  and  thanksgiving. 

13.  Who  was  the  first  Catholic  missionary  that  entered 
New  York  State? 

Father  Isaac  Jogues. 

14.  What  was  his  fate? 

He  was  taken  captive  by  the  fierce  Mohawks, 
freed  again  through  the  kindness  of  the  Dutch, 
and  then,  having  returned  to  the  missionary  field, 
was  finally  massacred  by  the  red  men  for  whose 
salvation  he  came  (1646). 


40 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


15.  What  does  Bancroft  say  of  him  during  his  captivity? 

"  Roaming  through  the  stately  forests  of  the  Mo 
hawk  Valley,  he  wrote  the  name  of  Jesus  on  the 
bark  of  the  trees,  graved  the  Cross,  and  entered 
into  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name  of  God. 
Thus  did  France  bring  its  banner,  and  its  Faith, 
to  the  confines  of  Albany." 


FATHER  JOGUES  IN  THE  MOHAWK  FOREST. 


16.  What  mission  was  commenced  in  Maine  in  1648? 

A  mission  was  commenced  among  the  Abnaki 
Indians  by  Father  Druillettes,  which  finally  re 
sulted  in  the  conversion  of  the  whole  tribe. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  41 

17.  To  what  did  the  discoveries  and  explorations  of  the 
French  missionaries  give  France  a  claim? 

To  the  Valleys  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
Mississippi. 

18.  What  says  Washington  Irving  of  the  missionaries? 

"  The  Catholic  priest  went,  even  before  the  sol- 
dier  and  trader ;  from  lake  to  lake,  from  river  to 
river,  the  missionaries  pressed  on  unresting,  and, 
with  a  power  which  no  other  Christians  have  ex 
hibited,  won  to  the  Faith  the  warlike  Miamis  and 
the  luxurious  Illinois." 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The    Upper  Mississippi  was  discovered  and  ex 
plored  by  Father  Marquette,  one  hundred  years  after  a 
Spanish  priest  had  knelt  on  its  banks  to  receive  the  dying 
confession  of  De  Soto,  the  discoverer  of  the  lower  course  of 
the  same  river. 

II.  Marqiiette  explored  also  the  Missouri,  Ohio,  Arkan 
sas,  and  Illinois  rivers ;  and  at  length,  worn  out  with  mis 
sionary  labor,  sank  to  rest  on  the  borders  of  Lake  Michigan. 

III.  He  was  soon  folloived  by  La  Salle,  who  explored 
the  Mississippi  from  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  to  its  mouth, 
and  named  the  country  along  its  banks  Louisiana,  in  honor 
of  the  king  of  France. 

IV.  Ttie  first  missionary  who  entered  New  York 
State  was  Father  Jogues,  who  fell  a  victim  to  the  fury  of 
the  Indians. 

V.  The  discoveries  and  explorations  of  the  French 
missionaries  gave  France  a  claim  to  the  Valleys  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  and  the  St.  Lawrence. 


42 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


LESSON    V. 

Settlement  of  New  York. 

1.  What  white  man  first  entered  New  York? 
Champlain  entered  it  by  way  of  the  lake  whicb 
bears  his  name  (1609). 


2.  Who,  in 
1609,  entered 
New  York 
Bay? 

In  1609, 
Henry 
Hudson,  an 
English 
navigator, 
passed 
through  the  Narrows  and  entered  New  York. Bay. 


THE  HALF  MOON   ASCENDING  THE  HUDSON. 


HISTORY   OP  THE   UNITED   STATES.  43 

3.  What  further  exploration  did  Hudson  make? 

In  his  little  bark,  the  Half  Moon,  he  sailed  up 
the  river  which  bears  his  name,  as  far  as  the  pres 
ent  site  of  Albany  (1609). 

4.  Who  claimed  the  land  discovered  by  Hudson? 
Hudson  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Dutch  East 

India    Company;    the    land    was,    consequently, 
claimed  by  Holland. 

5.  What  can  you  say  of  Hudson  ? 

His  voyage  rendered  his  name  immortal.  Leg 
ends  of  the  daring  sailor  still  live  among  the  old 
Dutch  families,  and  when  thunder  booms  over  the 
Palisades,  they  say,  "Hendrick  Hudson  and  his 
crew  are  playing  ninepins  now." 

6.  Where  were  the  first  Dutch  settlements  made? 

At  Fort  Orange,  above  Albany  j  and  at  New 
Amsterdam,  on  Manhattan  Island. 

7.  What  price  was  paid  to  the  Indians  for  Manhattan 
Island? 

About  twenty-five  dollars  (1620). 

8.  Did  the  fate  of  the  martyred  Father  Jogues  put  an  end 
to  missionary  zeal  in  the  land  of  the  Iroquois? 

It  did  not ;  other  missionaries  came  to  the  field, 
and  their  zeal  finally  triumphed;  the  heart  of 
the  Iroquois  was  touched,  and  a  church  glorious 
in  the  annals  of  Christianity  was  founded. 

9.  Where  was  a  log  chapel  built  in  1655? 

On  the  spot  on  which  Syracuse  now  stands. 
"By  the  zeal  of  the  nation,"  writes  Bancroft,  "it 


44  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

was  finished  in  a  day;"  and  under  this  humble 
roof  the  Holy  Sacrifice  was  offered,  for  the  first 
time  in  the  State  of  New  York,  November  14, 1655. 

10.  What  was  the  state  of  religion  among  the  Iroquois  in 
1668? 

The  Cross  then  towered  over  every  village  from 
the  Hudson  to  Lake  Erie;  the  savage  Indian  had 
become  as  gentle  as  a  child;  and  Caughnawaga 
(kaw-na-ica'ga)  on  the  Mohawk,  the  chief  mission 
center,  had  its  schools  and  its  church. 

11.  Who  was  baptized  in  1669? 

Garakontie  (gar-a~~kon-tee-ay),  a  wise  and  eloquent 
Indian  chief,  the  greatest  Iroquois  of  his  time. 

12.  What  Indian  maiden  about  this  time  was  noted  for 
her  sanctity? 

Catharine  Tehgahkwita  (te-gak-we-tah),  surnamed 
"  The  Lily  of  the  Mohawks." 

13.  How  long  did  the  Dutch  govern  New  York? 
About  forty  years.     During  this  time  there  were 

four  Dutch  governors,  the  last  and  ablest  of  whom 
was  named  Peter  Stuyvesant  (sti've-sant). 

14.  What  event  occurred  in  1664? 

New  Amsterdam  was  conquered  by  the  English 
and  called  New  York,  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of 
York,  afterwards  James  II.  of  England,  to  whom 
it  had  been  granted. 

15.  What  motto  was  given,  by  the  Duke,  to  New  York? 
"  Excelsior." 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES-  45 

16.  Who  was  the  first  English  governor  of  New  York? 
Colonel  Nichols. 

17.  Who  became  governor  in  1683? 

Colonel  Thomas  Dongan,  an  Irish  Catholic.  He 
called  together,  in  1683,  the  first  legislative  assem 
bly  of  the  State,  and  its  first  act  was  to  proclaim 
freedom  of  conscience. 

18.  By  whom  was  the  good  work  of  the  Iroquois  missions 
interrupted? 

By  the  English.  The  revolution  of  1688,  which 
hurled  James  II.  from  his  throne,  was  not  unfelt 
in  the  colonies.  The  New  York  Assembly  of  1691 
declared  null  and  void  the  acts  of  the  Assembly  of 
1683,  and  Catholicity  was  proscribed.  Many  Catho 
lic  Iroquois  then  emigrated  to  Canada,  where,  at 
this  day,  several  Iroquois  villages  exist,  preserving, 
at  once,  their  nationality  and  their  faith. 

19.  What  can  you  say  of  British  commerce  towards  the 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century? 

It  suffered  greatly  from  the  swarms  of  pirates 
that  infested  the  seas. 

20.  Who  was  appointed  to  go  in  search  of  them? 
Captain  Kidd,  one  of  the  boldest  shipmasters 

sailing  out  of  New  York. 

21.  What  did  Kidd  do? 

He  turned  pirate  himself ;  and,  for  many  years, 
his  very  name  was  a  terror  on  the  seas. 


46  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

22.  What  was  the  end  of  his  career? 

Having  returned  from  a  guilty  cruise,  he  was 
captured  in  Boston,  taken  to  England,  tried,  and 
executed. 

23.  When  and  where  was  New  Jersey  first  settled? 
Before  1620,  settlements  had  been  made  at  Bergen 

by  the  Dutch  of  New  Amsterdam,  who  claimed  the 
whole  country  as  a  part  of  New  Netherland. 

24.  What  peoples  afterwards  settled  on  the  shores  of  the 
Delaware  ? 

Iii  1638,  a  small  party  of  Swedes  and  Finns  pur 
chased  land  from  the  natives,  and  planted  several 
settlements  on  the  east  shores  of  the  Delaware. 

25.  By  whom  were  these  colonists  dispossessed? 

In  1655,  the  Dutch,  under  Peter  Stuyvesant, 
governor  of  New  Netherlands,  dispossessed  the 
Swedes  and  sent  most  of  them  back  to  Europe. 

26.  What  occurred  in  1664? 

In  1664,  this  territory  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Duke  of  York.  He  then  sold  it  to  Lord  Berkeley 
and  Sir  George  Carteret. 

27.  Why  was  it  called  Jersey? 

The  new  proprietors  named  the  tract  New  Jersey 
in  honor  of  Carteret.  He  had  been  governor  <>f 
the  Isle  of  Jersey,  in  the  English  Channel,  and  had 
held  it  for  King  Charles  during  the  contest  with 
the  Parliament. 

28.  What  settlements  were  now  made  in  New  Jersey  by 
the  English  T 


H1STOKY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  47 

The  first  settlements  by  the  English  were  made 
at  Elizabethtown,  so  called  in  honor  of  Lady  Car- 
teret  (1665),  and  Newark  (1666). 

29.  What  events  followed? 

Many  changes  of  proprietorship  took  place ;  and 
between  1674  and  1702,  there  were  two  recognized 
governments,  called  East  and  West  Jersey,  the 
latter  being  a  colony  of  Quakers  or  Friends. 

30.  Who  obtained  possession  of  New  Jersey  in  1682? 
In  1682,  the  whole  territory  was  purchased  by 

William  Peuu  and  eleven  other  Quakers. 

31.  Who  was  hereupon  made  governor? 

The  first  Quaker  governor  was  Robert  Barclay,  a 
Scotchman,  one  of  the  twelve  purchasers.  Under 
him  the  country  for  a  time  enjoyed  great  prosperity. 

32.  Into  whose  hands  did  the  government  of  New  Jersey 
again  fall? 

The  number  of  proprietors,  the  frequent  subdi 
visions  and  transfers  of  shares,  and  other  difficul 
ties,  soon  brought  the  province  into  trouble ;  and  in 
1702,  the  proprietors  surrendered  the  rights  of 
government  to  the  Grown. 

33.  What  can  you  say  of  New  Jersey,  from  this  period 
until  the  Revolution? 

After  this,  until  the  Revolution,  New  Jersey  was 
the  scene  of  no  important  event.  It  had  never  been 
much  exposed  to  the  ravages  of  the  Indians. 


48  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  Tlie  first  European  who  entered  the  present  State 
of  New  York  was  Champlain. 

II.  Neiv  York  Bay  ivas  entered,  and  the  Hudson 
River  explored,  as  far  as  Albany,  by  Henry  Hudson,  an  Eng 
lishman  in  the  service  of  Holland.     This  gave  Holland  a 
claim  to  the  adjoining  territory,  and  settlements  were  com 
menced  by  the  Dutch  at  Fort  Orange  and  New  Amsterdam. 

III.  New  Amsterdam  had  four  successive  Dutch  gov 
ernors,  the  most  noted  of  whom  was  Peter  Stuyvesant,  sur- 
named  "Headstrong  Peter." 

IV.  In  1664:  New  Amsterdam  was  taken  by  the  Eng 
lish  and  called  New  York,  in  honor  of  the  Catholic  duke  of 
that  title.      He  gave  to  the  State  as  its  motto  "Excelsior." 
The  first  act  of  the  first  legislative  assembly  of  New  York, 
under  Governor  Dongan,  was  to  proclaim  freedom  of  con 
science. 

V.  The   missionaries,  undeterred    by    the   fate   of 
Father  Jogues  (see  p.  39),  continued  their  missionary  labors, 
and  by  1668  the  Cross  towered  over  every  village  from  the 
Hudson  to  Lake  Erie.     The  dreaded  Iroquois  had  become 
the  docile  and  devoted  son  of  the  Church. 

VI.  The  English  again  put  a  stop  to  the  good  work. 
After  the  English  Revolution  of  1688,  Catholicity  was  pro 
scribed  in  New  York. 

VII.  Neiv  Jersey  was  first  settled  by  the  Dutch  at 
Bergen  (1620). 

VIII.  In  1664  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  English, 
who  made  settlements  at  Elizabethtown,  Newark,  and  other 
places. 

IX.  In  1682  New  Jersey  was  purchased  by  the  Quakers, 
who  in  1702  surrendered  the  rights  of  government  to  the 
Crown. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


49 


LESSON    VI. 

Settlement  of  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  Carolina,  and 
Other  Places. 

1.  By  whom  was  Maryland  founded? 

By  Lord  Baltimore,  as  an  asylum  for  persecuted 
English  Catholics. 

2.  After  whom  was  it 
named? 

It  was  called  Mary 
land  in  honor  of  Hen 
rietta  Maria,  the  Eng 
lish  queen. 

3.  When  was  the  first 
settlement  made? 

On  the  Feast  of  the 
Annunciation  (1634) 
Leonard  Calvert,  the 
brother  of  Lord  Bal 
timore,  with  three 
hundred  emigrants, 
including  several  Jesuits,  landed  on  the  shores  of 
Maryland ;  and,  two  days  later,  they  founded  St. 
Mary's,  the  oldest  town  in  the  State. 

4.  What  was  remarkable  in  that  colony? 

Free  toleration  was  granted  in  religious  matters ; 
and  thus  the  Pilgrims  of  Maryland,  unlike  the  Pil 
grims  of  Plymouth,  became  the  founders  of  reli 
gious  liberty  in  the  New  World. 


LORD  BALTIMORE. 


50  SADLJER'S  ELEMENTARY 

5.  How  did  the  Maryland  colonists  treat  the  Indians? 

With  the  greatest  kindness  and  charity.  They 
paid  them  for  their  lands  j  and  missions  were  im 
mediately  established  to  civilize  and  convert  them. 

C.  What  can  you  say  of  the  Maryland  Indians? 

Their  gentle  and  innocent  life  peculiarly  disposed 
them  to  receive  the  Gospel.  An  Indian  wigwam, 
willingly  bestowed  on  the  missionaries,  became  the 
first  chapel  in  Maryland ;  and  an  Indian  chief  and 
his  family  were  among  the  first  converts. 

7.  Who  soon  came  to  the  colony,  attracted  by  the  freedom 
onjoyed  there? 

Many  Protestants— among  them  peaceful  Qua 
vers  persecuted  in  New  England,  and  rigid  Puri 
tans  expelled  from  Virginia. 

8.  What  did  they  do  as  soon  as  they  had  attained  suffi 
cient  power? 

They  abolished  religious  toleration,  excluded 
Catholics  from  all  rights  of  citizenship,  and  sent  off 
the  missionaries  as  prisoners.  Even  the  venerable 
Father  White,  who  for  ten  years  had  labored  in  the 
colony,  was  put  in  irons  and  sent'to  England,  where 
he  had  to  undergo  a  long  and  painful  imprisonment. 

9.  How  long 'did  this  intolerance  continue  f 
Until  the  Revolution. 

10.  By  whom  was  Pennsylvania  settled? 

By  the  Swedes  and  Finns  (in  1643),  and  after- 
wards  by  a  colony  of  English  Quakers  under  the 
celebrated  William  Penn 


HISTORY   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  51 

11.  How  did  Penn  behave  towards  the  Indians? 

Following  the  example  of  the  Maryland  colo 
nists,  Peiin  treated  the  Indians  with  great  kind 
ness  and  humanity. 

12.  What  was  the  consequence  of  this? 
Pennsylvania,  like  Maryland,  was  long  free  from 

trouble  with  the  Indians. 

13.  Did  William  Penii  grant  religious  toleration  in  his 
colony? 

He  did ;  but  in  maintaining  it  toward  Catholies, 
he  was  bitterly  opposed  by  his  own  people. 

14.  What  city  was  founded  byJPenn? 

In  1683  Peun  laid  out  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
which  means  brotherly  love. 

15.  What  boundary  line  began  to  be  disputed  during 
Penn's  lifetime  ? 

The  boundary  line  between  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland.  It  was  not  settled  until  1767,  when 
two  surveyors,  Mason  and  Dixon,  ran  the  line  since 
famous  as  Mason  and  Dixon's  line. 

16.  By  whom  was  North  Carolina  settled? 
By  emigrants  from  Virginia  (1650). 

17.  When  was  South  Carolina  settled? 

In  1689,  where  Charleston  now  stands. 

1 8.  What  other  settlements  were  made  in  the  17th  century  ! 
Michigan  was  settled  at  Detroit,  by  the  French 

(1670). 

Illinois,  at  Kaskaskia,  by  the  French  (1683). 
Indiana,  at  Vincennes,  by  the  French  (1690). 
Texas,  at  Bexar,  by  the  Spanish  (1692). 
Louisiana,  at  Iberville,  by  the  French  (1699). 


52  SADLlElt'S  ELEMENTARY 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  In  Maryland,  the  first  settlement  was  made  under 
the  auspices  of  Lord  Baltimore,  on  the  Festival  of  the  An 
nunciation,  1634.     It  was  intended  as  an  asylum  for  perse 
cuted  Roman  Catholics,  and  two  priests  accompanied  the 
colonists,  one  being  the  celebrated  Father  White.      Full 
toleration  in  religious  matters  was  granted  to  Christians  of 
all  denominations,  and  Catholic  Maryland  thus  became  the 
pioneer  of  religious  freedom  in  this  country,  even  as  Massa 
chusetts  was  of  religious  intolerance. 

II.  Tfie  Maryland  colonists  treated  the  Indians  with 
the  greatest  kindness  and  charity,  paid  them  for  their  lands, 
and  immediately  commenced  missions  for  their  conversion. 
— Soon  religion  reigned  not  alone  in  the  town  of  St.  Mary's, 
but  even  in  the  wigwams  of  the  Indians. 

III.  Attracted  by  its  mild  laws,  many  Anglicans, 
Quakers,  and  Puritans  came  to  the  colony  and  were  there 
received  with  open  arms.     As  soon,  however,  as  they  had 
obtained  power  enough,  they  returned  "  evil  for  good  "  by 
abolishing  freedom  of  conscience,  excluding  Catholics  from 
office,  and  sending  off  the  missionaries  as  prisoners. 

IV.  Tills  state  of  things  continued  till  the  American 
Revolution,  at  which  time  Catholics  had  not  a  single  church 
in  the  colony  which  they  themselves  had  founded. 

V.  Pennsylvania  ivas  settled  by  a  colony  of  Quakers 
under  William  Penn  (in  1682).    Penn,  following  the  example 
of  Lord  Baltimore,  treated  the  Indians  with  kindness  and 
humanity.     He  endeavored  also  to  establish  religious  toler 
ation ;  but  in  maintaining  this  toward  Catholics,  he  was 
bitterly  opposed  by  his  own  people. 

VI.  "Before  the  close  of  this  century  (17th)  settlements 
were  also  commenced  in  the  two  Carolinas,  Michigan,  Illi 
nois,  Indiana,  Texas,  and  Louisiana. 


HISTORY   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES.  53 


LESSON    VII. 

Chronological  Review. — Seventeenth  Century. 

JOO5.— Port  Royal,  Nova  Scotia,  settled. 

.76*07.— Jamestown,  Virginia,  settled. 

10O8.— Quebec  founded. 

16O9.— Champlain  discovered  Lake  Champlain. 

1609.— The  Hudson  River  discovered  by  Henry  Hudson. 

161O.— The  "Starving  Time"  in  Virginia. 

1612.— A  Jesuit  mission  founded  on  Mt.  Desert  Island, 
Maine. 

1 613.— New  York  settled  by  the  Dutch. 

1613.— Pocahontas  married  Rolfe. 

1(115. — The  Franciscan  missionaries  in  Canada. 

1617.— New  Jersey  settled  at  Bergen. 

K>2O.—ThQ  Puritans  landed  at  Plymouth. 

1 62O.— Slavery  introduced  at  Jamestown,  Virginia. 

1 622.— Indian  massacre  in  Virginia. 

1 623.  — NewHampshire  settled  at  Dover  and  Portsmouth. 

1625.—  Jesuits  in  Canada. 

1634.— Maryland  settled  at  St.  Mary's  on  the  Potomac. 

1(135.— Connecticut  settled  at  Windsor,  Hartford,  and 
Wethersfield.  —Roger  Williamsbanished  fromMassachusetts. 

1 635.— Champlain  died. 

1636.— Rhode  Island  settled  at  Providence. 

16*37.-The  Pequod  War. 

1638.— New  Haven  founded. —Delaware  settled. 

1(>4O.— Montreal  founded. 
1 643.— Swedes  and  Finns  in  Pennsylvania. 
1646.— Father   Jogues    martyred.— Father   Druillettes 
commenced  his  mission  among  the  Abnaki  Indians. 
.  —  Father  Daniel  martyred. 


54  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

1649.— Fathers  Breboeuf  and  Lallemant  martyred. 

J6*5O.-North  Carolina  settled. 

1653.—  Onondaga  salt  springs  discovered  by  Le  Moyne. 

1654.—  Penal  laws  against  Catholics  in  Maryland. 
— Missions  among  the  Onondagas. 
— New  York  and  New  Jersey  taken  by  the  English. 
. — New  Jersey  settled  at  Elizabethtown. 

1 6 6*5.— Father  Allouez  discovered  the  southern  shore  of 
Lake  Superior. 

16 6* 6.— Newark,  New  Jersey,  founded. 

1008.— Father  Marquette  founded  the  mission  of  Sault 
Saint  Mary.— Missions  established  among  the  Iroquois. 

1669.— Green  Bay  founded  by  Father  Allouez. 

167 O.— Michigan  settled  at  Detroit. 

1673.— Father  Marquette  discovered  and  explored  the 
Upper  Mississippi. — Death  of  Father  Marquette. 

1 6*75. -King  Philip's  War. 

1 6  76.  -Bacon's  Rebellion. 

1 68 O.— South  Carolina  settled. 

1082.—  Pennsylvania  settled  by  William  Penn. 

1 682.— New  Jersey  purchased  by  the  Quakers. 

1688.- Philadelphia  founded. 

1083.— Governor  Dongan  in  New  York. 

1683.— Kaskaskia  (the  Village  of  the  Immaculate  Con 
ception),  Illinois,  founded  by  Father  Gravier. 

1 084t.  —La  Salle  passed  from  the  Upper  Mississippi  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

JOSS.—  La  Salle  attempted  a  settlement  in  Texas.— Ar 
kansas  Post,  Arkansas,  settled. 

/6'<Vf>.— Catholicity  proscribed  in  New  York. 

100O.  —  Indiana  settled  at  Vincennes. 
.  —  Salem  Witchcraft  Delusion. 
,—  Louisiana  settled  at  Iberville. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  55 

LESSON     VIII. 

Geographical  Table  No.  3. 

Arkansas  Post,  a  village  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ar 
kansas  River,  about  fifty  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Albany,  the  capital  of  the  State  of  New  York,  is  situ 
ated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  one  hundred 
and  forty-five  miles  north  of  New  York  City. 

Rergen,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  County,  New  Jersey, 
was  annexed  to  Jersey  City  in  1871. 

Charnplain  (Lake),  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  in  length,  between  the  States 
of  New  York  and  Vermont. 

Charleston,  the  largest  city  in  South  Carolina,  on  a 
tongue  of  land  between  the  Ashley  and  Cooper  Rivers. 

Chickahoniiny  (River),  a  stream  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  Virginia. 

Chesapeake,  the  largest  bay  in  the  United  States.  It 
enters  Virginia  between  Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry,  and 
extends  into  Maryland. 

Detroit,  the  chief  city  of  Michigan,  situated  on  Detroit 
River,  eighteen  miles  above  the  head  of  Lake  Erie. 

Elizabeth,  a  thriving  city  of  Union  County,  New  Jersey, 
two  miles  west  of  Newark  Bay,  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  State.  It  is  noted  for  its  manufactures. 

Hudson  (River),  one  of  the  finest  and  most  important 
rivers  in  the  United  States.  It  empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  navigable  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  for  large  steamers, 
and  is  noted  for  its  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery. 

Green  Ray,  a  large  arm  on  the  west  side  of  Lake 
Michigan. 

George  (Lake),  a  beautiful  mountain  lake  of  New  York, 
about  thirty-six  miles  long,  noted  for  its  picturesque  scenery. 

JTamestown,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  James 


56  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

River,  in  Virginia,  about  fifty  miles  from  Richmond.     Noth 
ing  of  the  original  settlement  now  remains  but  a  few  ruins. 

Kaskaskia  is  finely  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Illinois  River,  about  two  miles  south  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
one  hundred  and  forty-two  miles  south  of  Springfield. 

Mackinaw,  a  village  of  Michigan,  situated  on  an  island 
of  the  same  name,  in  Lake  Huron. 

Mt.  Desert,  an  island  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  in  French 
man's  Bay,  forty  miles  southeast  of  Baugor.  It  is  noted  for 
its  thirteen  mountain  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is  upwards 
of  2,000  feet. 

Mohaivk  (River),  a  river  of  New  York,  which  enters 
the  Hudson,  about  three  miles  above  Troy.  The  chief 
towns  on  its  banks  are  Rome,  Utica,  Little  Falls,  and  Sche- 
nectady. 

Narragansett  Bay,  a  large  body  of  water  extending 
north  from  the  Atlantic  into  Rhode  Island  between  Point 
Judith  on  the  west  and  Seconnet  Rocks  on  the  east.  It 
contains  a  number  of  beautiful  islands,  the  principal  of 
which  is  Rhode  Island. 

Newark,  the  largest  city  of  New  Jersey,  is  on  the  Passaic 
River,  about  four  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Newark  Bay. 

Plymouth  is  situated  on  Plymouth  Bay,  on  the  east  coast 
of  Massachusetts,  thirty-seven  miles  southeast  of  Boston. 

Providence,  the  chief  city  and  capital  of  Rhode  Island, 
is  situated  on  the  northwest  arm  of  Narragansett  Bay 
(or  Providence  River),  thirty-five  miles  from  the  ocean.  The 
river  divides  the  city  into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  which  are 
connected  by  several  substantial  bridges. 

Quebec,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  River  St.  Law 
rence,  is  the  most  strongly  fortified  city  in  America  and  the 
oldest  in  Canada. 

Vincennes,  the  oldest  town  in  Indiana,  is  situated  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  one  hundred  miles  south 
west  of  Indianapolis. 


SECTION   IV. 

A.D.  17OO  to  A.D.  18OO. 


LESSON    I. 

Events  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

1.  What  law  was  passed  in  New  York  in  1700? 

A  law  against  Catholic  priests.  The  penalty  for 
coming  into  or  remaining  in  the  Province  was 
perpetual  imprisonment;  in  case  of  escape  and  cap 
ture,  DEATH. 

2.  When  was  this  law  repealed? 
In  1784. 

3.  What  wars  occurred  during  the  first  half  of  the  eigh 
teenth"  century  ? 

Two  wars  between  the  French  and  English ; 
namely,  Queen  Anne's  War  (1702  to  1713),  and 
King  George's  War  (1744  to  1748). 

4.  By  what  names  were  these  wars  known  in  Europe? 
Queen  Anne's  was  known  as  the  War  of  the 

Spanish  Succession,  and  King  George's  as  the  War 
of  the  Austrian  Succession. 
57 


58  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

5.  What  happened  in  Florida  during  Queen  Anne's  War? 
The  governor  of  South  Carolina  made  war  against 

the  Christian  Indians  of  Florida,  'desolated  the 
whole  valley  of  the  Appalachicola,  laid  in  ashes  their 
towns  from  the  Altamaha  to  the  Savannah,  and 
killed  several  of  their  missionaries  (1704). 

6.  How  many  Indians  were  killed? 

Eight  hundred  were  killed  on  the  spot,  and  four 
teen  hundred  were  taken  captive  by  Governor  Moore. 
Some  of  these  he  employed  in  cultivating  his  fields, 
and  others  he  sold  for  his  own  pecuniary  profit. 

7.  What  happened  sixty  years  later? 

The  whole  colony  of  Florida  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  English. 

8.  What  was  the  result? 

The  missions  were  destroyed,  and  the  poor  Indi 
ans,  forced  to  resume  that  wandering  life  from  which 
Christianity  had  reclaimed  them,  took  the  name  of 
Seminoles  (Wanderers),  gradually  lost  the  Catholic 
Faith,  and  became  the  scourge  of  the  whites. 

9.  What  was  the  principal  event  of  King  George's  War? 
The  capture  of  Louisburg,  on  the  island  of  Cape 

Breton,  by  a  combined  force  of  English  and  colo 
nial  troops. 

10.  What  disgraceful  event  took  place  in  Maine  in  1724? 
Father  Rasle  (raZ),  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  Ab- 

naki  missionaries,  and  who  had  labored  for  thirty 
years  among  the  red  men  of  the  forest,  was  cruelly 
put  to  death  by  the  English. 


HISTORY   OF   THE  UNITED   STATES.  59 

11.  Describe  his  death. 

He  fell  pierced  by  many  bullets,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Mission  Cross,  seven  chiefs,  who  had  gathered 
around  him,  sharing  his  fate. 

12.  What  fort  was  erected  by  the  French  in  1731? 
Crown  Point,  which  was  destined  to  be  the  scene 

of  many  a  bloody  battle  in  later  days.     Soon  after, 
a  missionary  station  was  founded  at  Ogdensburg. 

13.  What  State  was  settled  in  1733? 

Georgia,  at  Savannah,  by  the  English  under 
Oglethorpe.  This  State  was  the  last  settled  of  the 
Old  Thirteen. 

14.  Why  was  it  called  Georgia? 

It  was  named  Georgia  in  honor  of  George  II.,  at 
that  time  king  of  England. 

15.  What  was  Oglethorpe's  plan? 

His  plan  was  to  establish  a  colony  in  which  op 
pressed  debtors  from  England  might  find  a  refuge 
and  a  chance  to  commence  life  over  again. 

1C.  What  can  you  say  of  the  charter  of  this  colony? 
It  granted  lands  and  religious  toleration  to  all 
settlers  except  Roman  Catholics. 

17.  Who  accordingly  came  to  the  colony? 

Settlers  from  many  parts.  Jews  were  sent  out 
by  merchants  of  that  faith  from  London.  German 
Protestants  from  Salzburgh  founded  Ebenezer,  and 
Scotch  Highlanders  settled  New  Inverness. 


60  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

18.  Of  what  singular  delusion  was  New  York  the  scene  in 
1741? 

Some  fires,  apparently  accidental,  led  to  the  be 
lief  in  a  plot  of  the  negro  slaves  to  burn  the  city 
and  massacre  the  people.  The  accusation  was 
never  proved;  nevertheless,  eleven  negroes  were 
burned  alive  at  the  stake,  eighteen  were  hung,  and 
fifty  were  transported  to  the  West  Indies. 

19.  What  further? 

At  last,  a  letter  from  Oglethorpe  led  to  the  idea 
that  a  Catholic  priest  was  the  guilty  party.  There 
being  no  priest  in  the  colony,  a  poor  schoolmaster, 
suspected  of  being  one,  was  tried,  condemned,  and 
executed. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The  eighteenth  century  was  opened  in  New  York 
by  the  penal  laws  against  Catholics. 

II.  During  the  first  half  of  this  century  two  wars 
occurred  between  the  French  and  English,  known  respec 
tively  as  Queen  Anne's  and  King  George's  War.     During  the 
former,  the  governor  of  South  Carolina  invaded  Florida  and 
carried  desolation   among  the  peaceful  Catholic  Indians. 
Sixty  years  later,  the  whole  colony  of  Florida  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  English. 

III.  In  17339  Georgia,  the  last  of  the  thirteen  original 
States,  was  settled  at  Savannah,  the  charter  granting  reli 
gious  freedom  to  all  except  Catholics. 

IV.  In   174 19  John  Ury,   supposed  to  be  a  Catholic 
priest,   was   tried,   and   on  most  unworthy  evidence  con 
demned  and  executed,  as  having  some  connection  with  the 
so-called  Negro  Plot. 


HISTORY  OP  THE   UNITED  STATES.  61 


LESSON    II. 

French  and  Indian  War. 

1.  To  what  portion  of  North  America  did  the  French  lay 

clf-hn? 

All  the  interior  portions  of  North  America  ad- 
jacent  to  the  Rivers  St.  Lawrence  and  Mississippi, 
and  their  tributaries,  were  claimed  by  the  French. 

2.  Upon  what  did  the  French  base  their  claim? 

On  the  fact  that  they  had  explored  and  occupied 
that  territory. 

3.  By  whom  was  the  claim  disputed? 

By  the  English,  who  claimed  the  whole  country 
from  Newfoundland  to  Florida  and  from  the  At 
lantic  to  the  Pacific. 

4.  Upon  what  did  the  English  base  their  right? 

Upon  the  discoveries  of  Cabot  along  the  Atlantic 
coast. 

5.  How  did  the  French  endeavor  to  secure  their  posses 
sions? 

By  erecting  forts  at  various  points  throughout 
this  region. 

6.  How  was  war  begun? 

In  1753,  Dinwiddie,  the  lieutenant-governor  of 
Virginia,  commanded  the  French  to  withdraw  from 
Ohio ;  and,  on  their  refusal,  a  party  was  sent 
against  them  the  following  year  under  the  com 
mand  of  George  Washington. 


62  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

7.  When  and  where  was  George  Washington  bornt 

Oil  the  22(1  of  February,  1732,  in  Westmoreland 
County,  Virginia.  He  was  thus  only  twenty-two 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  this  expedition. 

8.  For  what  was  his  youth  remarkable  ? 

For  his  love  of  truth,  and  his  close  application 
to  study. 

9.  Mention  an  instance  of  his  candor. 

One  day,  after  a  new  hatchet  had  been  given  him, 
he  went  around  trying  its  edge,  and  thus  ruined  his 
father's  favorite  cherry  tree.  On  discovering  the 
mischief,  Mr.  Washington  called  George  to  inquire 
if  he  knew  who  had  done  it.  The  noble  boy  replied, 
"  Father,  I  cannot  tell  a  lie ;  I  did  it  with  my  little 
hatchet."  "  Come  to  my  arms,  my  son,"  responded 
his  father ;  "to  know  that  you  are  not  afraid  to  tell 
the  truth,  is  more  to  me  than  a  thousand  trees." 

10.  Whither  did  Washington  proceed  when  sent  against 
the  French,  in  1754 1 

He  marched  toward  Fort  Duquesne  (-Tcane),  near 
the  spot  on  which  Pittsburg  now  stands.  He  himself 
had  erected  a  small  fort,  which  he  called  Fort  Neces 
sity  ;  and  here  he  was  attacked  by  a  superior  body  of 
French  and  compelled  to  surrender,  with  the  honor 
able  privilege,  however,  of  returning  to  Virginia. 

11.  What  disgraceful  act  was  committed  by  the  English 
in  17551 

The  English,  jealous  of  the  French,  determined  to 
disperse  the  peaceful  inhabitants  of  Acadia  among 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


63 


the  other  British  colonies.  Accordingly,  an  armed 
force  being  sent  against  them,  they  were  compelled 
to  give  up  their  property ;  and  they  themselves  (in 
number  about  7,000)  were  carried  off  to  various 
points  along  the  coast,  from  Maine  to  Louisiana, 
and  landed  penniless. 


^ 


<Su< 


12.  What  fiir- 
therf 

No  regard 

was   paid    to  THB  EXPULSION  OF  THB  ACADIANS. 

family  ties;  children  were  separated  from  their 
parents,  wives  from  husbands,  and  sisters  from 
brothers ;  thus  in  misery  and  exile,  this  once  happy 
people  lingered  out  a  weary  existence. 

13.  What  great  poet  has  immortalized  this  event! 
Longfellow,  in  his  "  Evangeline." 


64  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

14.  What  did  Acadia,  as  claimed  by  the  French,  embrace? 
Maine,  New  Brunswick,  and  Nova  Scotia. 

15.  How  was  this  crime  soon  punished? 

In  the  same  year  (1755)  another  expedition  against 
Fort  Duquesne  was  planned  under  General  Brad- 
dock,  who  had  just  arrived  with  reinforcements 
from  England.  Braddock  was  defeated  and  killed ; 
and  the  remnant  of  the  army  was  saved  only  by  the 
courage  and  coolness  of  Washington. 

16.  What  is  said  of  Washington  in  this  battle? 
Washington  had  two  horses  shot  under  him,  and 


WASHINGTON  AT  BRADDOCK'S  DEFEAT. 

four  bullets  passed  through  his  coat ;  yet  he  remained 
unhurt.    An  Indian  is  said  to  have  declared  that  he 


HISTORY  OP   THE   UNITED   STATES.  65 

fired  at  Washington  fifteen  times  without  being 
able  to  hit  him  once. 

17.  What  took  place  in  1759? 

Niagara  was  taken  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  and 
Quebec  by  General  Wolfe,  who  fell  in  the  moment 
of  victory. 

18.  What  can  you  say  of  the  siege  of  Quebec? 

The  citadel  lay  far  above  the  reach  of  the  English 
cannon,  and  the  craggy  bluff,  bristling  with  guns, 
repulsed  every  effort.  At  length,  Wolfe  discovered 
a  narrow  path,  scarcely  wide  enough  for  two  men 
abreast,  leading  up  the  steep  precipice. 

19.  What  was  then  done? 

At  night  the  troops  sailed  silently  down  the 
stream  to  the  spot  known  as  Wolfe's  Cove,  arid  in 
the  darkness  scaled  the  precipice.  The  morning 
light  revealed  to  the  French  the  whole  British  force 
drawn  up  in  battle  array, 

20.  What  is  related  of  Wolfe? 

Hearing  the  cry,  "They  fly!  They  fly!"  he 
asked,  "Who  fly?"  and  being  answered,  "The 
French,"  he  exclaimed,  "  I  die  content !  " 

21.  What  is  said  of  Montcalra,  the  French  commander, 
who  also  fell  mortally  wounded? 

Being  told  that  his  wound  was  mortal,  he  ex 
claimed  :  "  So  much  the  better !  I  shall  not  live  to 
see  the  surrender  of  Quebec !  "  When  applied  to  for 
advice  concerning  the  steps  to  be  taken,  he  gave  it 


66  SADLIEB'S  ELEMENTARY 

cheerfully,  but  said  that  as  Ms  time  was  short,  he 
desired  to  be  "  left  alone  with  God"  Having  received 
the  last  Sacraments,  he  lingered  until  the  next 
morning,  when  he  calmly  expired. 

22.  What  was  the  result  of  the  Peace  of  Paris  which  took 
place  in  1763? 

France  ceded  to  England  Canada  and  her  other 
provinces  in  the  north,  including  all  east  of  the 
Mississippi. 

23.  What  took  place  soon  after  the  Treaty  of  Paris? 
Pontiac's  War,  so  called  from  the  Indian  chief 

who  headed  it.  It  ended  in  the  submission  of  the 
Indians. 

8TNOPST8. 

I.  As  time  rotted  on,  both  the  French  and  English  in 
America  rapidly  increased  in  numbers.     Their  respective 
boundaries  never  having  been  defined,  this  led  to  many  dis 
putes. 

II.  The  French  determined  to  resist  the  further 
progress  of  the  English  by  erecting  forts  at  various  points 
along  the  interior  of  the  country.     This  gave  rise  to  a  war, 
commencing  in  1754,  which  resulted  in  the  conquest  of  Can 
ada  by  the  English.     During  this  war,  George  Washington, 
then  a  young  man,  commenced  his  brilliant  military  career. 

III.  1 755  was  disgraced  by  the  cruel  expulsion  of  the 
French  inhabitants  of  Acadia.     The  same  year  the  English 
met  retribution  in  the  defeat  of  Braddock  at  Fort  Duquesne. 

IV.  In  1763  a  treaty  was  signed  at  Paris  by  which 
France  ceded  to  England  all  lands  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
except  a  small  portion  near  its  mouth. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  67 

LESSON    III. 

The  Revolution. 

1.  What  was  the  prominent  cause  of  the  American  Revo 
lution? 

The  attempt  of  England  to  tax  the  American 
colonies  without  their  consent. 

2.  When  was  the  Stamp  Act  passed! 
In  1765. 

3.  What  was  the  Stamp  Act? 

It  was  an  act  requiring  the  Americans  to  write 
all  their  contracts,  mortgages,  deeds,  bonds,  and 
other  legal  documents  on  stamped  paper, 

4.  Who  provided  this  paper? 

The  English  government  alone ;  and  the  stamp 
on  each  sheet  cost  about  ten  cents. 

5.  How  was  the  news  of  the  passage  of  this  act  received 
in  the  colonies? 

With  indignation  and  defiance.  All  the  stamps 
that  arrived  were  either  hid,  burned,  or  sent  back. 
In  Boston  and  Philadelphia,  bells  were  muffled  and 
rung.  In  New  York,  the  act  was  paraded  through 
the  streets  with  this  inscription :  "  THE  FOLLY  OF 
ENGLAND,  AND  THE  RUIN  OF  AMERICA." 

6.  What  did  the  celebrated  patriot,  Patrick  Henry,  advise 
the  Americans  to  do? 

Patrick  Henry  advised  the  Americans  to  write 
on  any  kind  of  paper  they  liked. 


68 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


7.  What  did  he  exclaim  in  the  Colonial  Assembly? 

"  CcBsar  had  his  Brutus,  Charles  L  his  Cromwell, 
and  George  III.—"  Here  he  was  stopped  by  u  cry 
of  "Treason!  Trea 
son!  "  but  lie  calmly 
added,  "may  profit 
by  their  example" 
Nevertheless,  his  res 
olution  was  passed. 


PATRICK  HENRY  ADDRESSING  THE  VIRGINIA  ASSEMBLY. 

8.  What  effect  did  the  opposition  of  the  colonies  have? 

The  Stamp  Act  was  repealed,  March,  1766. 


HISTORY   OP   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


69 


9.  What  was  the  next  act  of  opposition  on  the  part  of  the 
British  Parliament? 

A  duty  was  laid  on  tea,  glass,  and  several  other 
articles. 

10.  What  was  the  result  of  this  Act? 

It  was  so  bitterly  opposed  in  the  colonies  that 
the  duties  on  all  articles  were  repealed,  except 
threepence  per  pound  on  tea. 


TUB  BOSTON  TEA  PART^ 


11.  How  did  the  people  of  Boston  show  their  opposition 
to  the  Tea  Tax? 

A  party  of  men  disguised  as  Indians  went  on 
board  ship  during  the  night,  and  throw  the  tea,  con 
sisting  of  342  chests,  into  the  bay.  This  proceeding 
is  often  called  "The  Boston  Tea  Party"  (1773). 


70  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

12.  How  did  the  English  government  punish  this  deed? 
By  making  a  law  called  the  Boston  Port  Bill, 

forbidding  the  landing  of  any  goods  in  the  city. 

13.  When  and  where  did  the  first  general  American  Con 
gress  meet? 

At  Philadelphia,  September,  1774.  They  drew 
up  a  Declaration  of  Rights,  and  sent  a  petition  for 
justice  to  the  king  of  England. 

14.  Meanwhile  what  preparation  for  war  were  the  Ameri 
cans  making? 

They  provided  themselves  with  guns  and  powder 
and  ball;  and  formed  military  companies  to  be 
ready  at  a  minute's  warning,  which  were  hence 
called  "  minutemen." 

15.  What  incident  took  place,  about  this  time,  concern 
ing  the  Boston  boys? 

The  British  soldiers  had  amused  themselves  by 
repeatedly  throwing  down  some  snow  houses  built 
by  the  Boston  boys,  who,  in  vain,  remonstrated  with 
the  captain.  At  last,  the  largest  boys  appealed  to 
General  Gage.  "  We  come,  sir?  said  they,  "  to  de 
mand  satisfaction.  We  have  never  injured  your  troops; 
but  then  have  trodden  down  our  snow  hills,  and  broken 
down  the  ice  on  our  skating  ground." 

16.  What  reply  did  General  Gage  make? 

The  general  replied :  "  You  may  go,  my  "brave  boys, 
and  be  assured,  if  my  troops  trouble  you  again,  they 
shall  be  punished."  Then,  turning  to  an  officer,  he 
added :  "  The  very  children  here  draw  in  a  law  of 
liberty  with  the  air  they  breathe" 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


71 


17.  Where  was  the  first  blood  shed  during  the  Revolution  ? 
At  Lexington,  whither  General  Gage,  the  English 

commander,  had  sent  800  soldiers  to  destroy  some 
powder  and  ball  belonging  to  the  Americans.  The 
English  lost  180 ;  the  Americans  a  smaller  number. 

18.  What  effect  had  the  news  of  this  encounter? 

The  Americans  resolved  to  drive  the  British  out 
of  the  country  j  and,  in  less  than  a  month,  20,000 
men  had  encamped  around  Boston. 

19.  When  was  the  memorable  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  fought  ? 
June  17, 1775.     The  British  were  twice  repulsed, 

but  finally  succeeded  in  carrying  the  fortification. 


BAYONET  CHARGE   AT   BUNKER   UILL. 


72  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

20.  Who  was  chosen  Commander-in-chief  of  the  American 
forces? 

George  Washington,  who  was  then  in  the  forty- 
fourth  year  of  his  age. 

21.  What  aid  did  the  Brit- 
ish  Government  secure? 

It  made  a  bargain  with 
the  Prince  of  Hesse,  in 
Germany,  for  seventeen 
thousand  soldiers,  paying 
thirty-six  dollars  for  each 
man. 

22.  Who,  about  this  time, 
was  sent  to  invade  Canada? 

General  Montgomery,  a 
young  and  talented  Irish 
man  who  had  left  his  na 
tive  country  to  aid  the 
Americans  in  gaining 
their  independence. 

23.  What  was  his  fate? 

He  took  Montreal ;  but  HESSIAN  GRENADIER. 

in  an  attempt  to  scale  the 

walls  of  Quebec,  he  fell  mortally  wounded.     On  his 
death,  the  expedition  was  abandoned  (Dec.  31, 1775). 

24.  How  did  Washington  compel  the  British  to  evacuate 
Boston  (March  17,  1776)? 

By  fortifying  Dorchester  Heights,  near  Boston, 
Washington  obliged  the  British  to  leave  the  city. 


HISTORY   OP  THE   UNITED   STATES. 


73 


25.  What  occurred  in  June,  1776? 

The  British  attacked  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 
It  was  defended  by  a  fort  of  palmetto  logs  erected 
on  an  island  in  the  harbor,  and  garrisoned  by 
troops  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Moultrie. 

26.  What  was  the  result? 

Colonel  Moultrie  was  completely  victorious,  and 
his  name  was  afterwards  given  to  the  fort. 

27.  Mention  an  incident  connected  with  the  attack  on 
Fort  Moultrie. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  action,  the  staff  was  struck 


JASPER  REPLACING  THE  FLAQ. 


74  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

by  a  ball,  and  the  flag  fell  outside  the  fort.  Sergeant 
Jasper  leaped  over  the  breastwork,  amidst  a  shower 
of  balls,  caught  up  the  flag,  and,  fastening  it  to  a 
ramrod,  placed  it  once  more  on  the  fort. 

28.  When  did  the  Declaration  of  Independence  take  place  ? 
The  Declaration  of  American  Independence  took 

place  July  4th,  1776. 

29.  What  were  the  thirteen  colonies  declared  to  bef 

FREE,  SOVEREIGN,  AND  INDEPENDENT  STATES. 

30.  What  was  the  effect  of  this  Declaration? 

By  it,  all  connection  with  Great  Britain  was  for 
ever  dissolved. 

31.  By  whom  was  the  Declaration  signed? 

By  fifty-four  delegates  from  the  various  States. 

32.  Whose  name  led  the  rest? 
John  Hancock,  as  president. 

33.  What  did  he  observe  as  he  rose  from  his  seat,  after 
having  written  his  signature  in  a  bold,  clear  hand? 

"  There!  John  Bull  can  read  that  without  specta 
cles;  and  may  now  double  Ms  reward  of  five  hundred 
pounds  for  my  head.  That  is  my  defiance" 

34.  What  was  remarked  when  Charles  Carroll  of  Carroll- 
ton  signed  his  name? 

"There  go  millions!"  exclaimed  Ben  jaminFranklin. 

35.  What  embassy  was  sent  to  Canada  in  177C? 

An  embassy  composed  of  Benjamin  Franklin, 
Samuel  Chase,  Charles  Carroll,  and  Rev.  John  Car 
roll,  was  sent  to  obtain  the  alliance  of  the  Canadi 
ans;  but  their  mission  failed,  owing  in  part  to  the 
anti-Catholic  conduct  of  certain  American  officers. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    UNITED   STATES.  75 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  Ttie  expenses  attendant  on  the  French  and  Indian 
War  afforded  England  a  pretext  for  extorting  money  from  the 
colonists.     Duties  were  accordingly  imposed  on  various  arti 
cles  imported  into  the  colonies.     In  1765  was  passed  the 
famous  Stamp  Act,  by  which  all  papers,  bonds,  etc.,  used  in 
the  colonies,  were  required  to  bear  stamps,  which  could  be 
obtained  from  the  British  Government  alone. 

II.  So  great  was  the  opposition  with  which  this  act 
was  received  in  the  colonies,  that  England  repealed  it  the 
following  year.  Soon  after,  however,  another  act  was  passed, 
imposing  a  tax  on  tea,  glass,  and  several  other  articles.     This 
being  also  bitterly  opposed,  the  duties  were  removed  from 
all  articles  except  tea. 

III.  Parliament  persisting  in  its  claims,  the  first  gen 
eral  American  Congress  met  at  Philadelphia,  in  1774.     This 
body  drew  up  a  Declaration  of  Rights  and  sent  a  petition 
for  justice  to  the  king  of  England. 

IV.  Tlie  first  blood  was  shed  at  Lexington.     It  was 
but  a  slight  skirmish,  yet  it  gave  the  signal  for  a  general 
rising;   and  soon  after  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of 
Bunker  Hill. 

V.  Ttie  Americans  having  made  a  gallant  though 
unsuccessful  attack  on  Canada,  the  English  began  to  per 
ceive  that  it  would  not  be  so  easy  to  conquer  the  rebels. 
They  accordingly  secured  the  services  of  some  Hessian,  or 
German,  soldiers. 

VI.  The  same  year  George  Washington  was  chosen 
commander-in-chief  of  the  American  forces ;  and  on  the  4th 
of  July,  1776,  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  pro 
claimed.     By  this  all  connection  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  colonies  was  forever  dissolved. 


76 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


LESSON    IV. 

The  Revolution. — (Continued.) 

1.  What  took  place  in  August,  1776? 

General  Howe,  the  British  commander,  attacked 
and  defeated  the  Americans  at  Brooklyn,  Long 
Island. 

2.  What  was  Wash 
ington  soon  after 
obliged  to  do? 

Washington  was 
compelled  to  re 
treat  across  the 
Hudson  River,  and 
through  New  Jer 
sey  into  Pennsyl 
vania. 

3.  What  bold  move 
ment  of  Washington 
revived  the  drooping 
spirits  of  the  Ameri 
cans? 

On      Christmas 

night  (177G)  he  crossed  the  Delaware,  notwith 
standing  that  the  river  was  filled  with  broken  and 
floating  ice,  and,  surprising  the  Hessians  in  the 
midst  of  festivity,  defeated  them  at  Trenton. 


GBORGK  WASHINGTON. 


HISTORY  OP  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


77 


WASHINGTON  CROSSING  THK  DELAWARE. 


4.  What  battle  did  Washington  soon  after  gain? 
The  battle  of  Princeton. 

5.  What  nation  now  came  to  the  aid  of  the  Americans  f 

France.  During  the  winter  a  French  ship  ar 
rived  carrying  1,000  barrels  of  powder  and  10,000 
muskets  for  the  American  army.  Later,  France 
acknowledged  the  independence  of  the  United 
States,  and  supplied  the  American  Revolution  with 
10,000  men  and  300,000,000  dollars. 


78 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


LAFAYETTE: 


6.  What  celebrated 
French  nobleman  fitted 
out  a  vessel  at  his  own 
expense,  and  joined  the 
Americans  in  1777? 

The    Marquis   of 
Lafayette. 

7.  What  can  you  say 
of  Lafayette? 

He  was  born  to 
high  rank  and  vast 
fortune,  and,  at  the 
age  of  nineteen, 
crossed  the  ocean  to 
aid  the  Americans. 
He  was  immediately  made  a  major-general,  and 
soon  became  the  bosom  friend  of  Washington. 

8.  What  army  took  the  field  in  the  North,  in  17771 

A  powerful  British  army,  under  the  command  of 
General  Burgoyne.  He  took  Ticonderoga  and  Fort 
Edward,  but  was  defeated  by  the  Americans  at  Fort 
Stanwix,  Bennington,  and  Stillwater. 

9.  What  was  the  watchword  at  the  battle  of  Bennington  ? 
The  Americans  were  headed  by  General  Stark, 

who,  just  before  the  battle,  made  the  following 
inspiring  speech  to  his  little  army :  "  Soldiers,"  he 
said,  "  we  must  conquer  to-day,  or  to-night  Molly  StarJt 
is  a  widow!  " 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  79 

10.  What  was  the  result  of  the  battle  of  Still  water? 
General  Burgoyne,  with  his  army  of  6,000  men, 

surrendered  to  the  Americans.  This  was  the  great 
est  victory  the  Americans  had  yet  obtained. 

11.  What  did  Washington  at  the  South  this  year? 

He  endeavored  to  keep  the  English  at  bay,  but 
was  defeated  in  the  battles  of  Brandy  wine  and 
Germantown.  Cold  weather  then  setting  in,  he 
led  his  army  into  winter  quarters,  at  Valley  Forge, 
about  twenty  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

12.  What  can  you  say  of  the  winter  at  Valley  Forge? 

It  was  one  of  intense  suffering  to  the  American 
army.  They  lacked  food  and  clothing,  and  many 
officers  resigned  in  consequence  of  not  receiving 
their  pay. 

13.  What  took  place  in  the  spring  of  1778? 

The  English,  hearing  of  the  arrival  of  French 
troops,  and  fearful  of  being  hemmed  in  at  Phila 
delphia,  evacuated  that  city. 

14.  What  occurred  on  their  retreat  through  New  Jersey  ? 
They  were  attacked  by  Washington  at  Monmouth, 

where  along  but  indecisive  engagement  took  place. 

15.  What  incident  occurred  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth? 
An  American  artilleryman  named  Pitcher  was 

killed  while  loading  his  cannon.  His  wife,  Molly 
Pitcher,  who  was  bringing  him  some  water  from  a 
spring,  immediately  took  his  place  at  the  gun,  and 
remained  there  during  the  day.  She  was  ever 


80  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

afterwards  called  "  Captain  Molly, ,"  Washington 
made  her  a  sergeant,  and  Congress  gave  her  half- 
pay  for  life. 

16.  What  mournful  event  took  place  in  July,  1778  T 
The  Massacre  of  Wyoming  (wi-o'ming). 

17.  Give  some  account  of  it. 

A  band  of  Indians  and  Englishmen  disguised  as 
Indians,  burst  into  this  beautiful  valley,  laid  waste 
the  settlements,  and  slew  the  inhabitants,  men, 
women,  and  children.  They  even  cut  out  the 
tongues  of  the  horses  and  cows,  and  left  the  poor 
beasts  to  die. 

18.  What  city  did  the  British  take  in  December,  1778? 
Savannah. 

19.  Did  the  Americans  submit  calmly  to  the  loss  of  Sa 
vannah? 

The  Americans,  aided  by  the  French,  made  a  vig 
orous  attempt  to  regain  Savannah  (October,  1779), 
but  were  repulsed  with  great  loss,  the  gallant  Pulaski 
being  among  the  slain. 

20.  Who  was  Pulaski? 

A  Polish  nobleman  who 
came  to  aid  the  cause  of 
American  independence. 
During  the  second  year  of 
the  war  he  commanded  an 
independent  corps  of  caval 
ry,  lancers,  and  light  infan 
try,  called  Pulaski's  Legion.  PULASKL 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


81 


21.  What  can  you  say  of  the  capture  of  Stony  Point, 
July,  1779? 

The  capture  of  Stony  Point,  on  the  Hudson,  by 
General  Wayne,  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  ex 
ploits  of  the  war. 


GIVING  THE  COUNTERSIGN  AT  STONY  POINT. 

22.  How  was  the  countersign  obtained? 

The  countersign  was  obtained  from  a  negro  who 
sold  strawberries  at  the  fort.  At  midnight,  General 
Wayne's  troops  entered  the  works  from  different 
sides  and  carried  them  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet. 


82  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

23,  What  celebrated  victory  took  place  in  September,  1779! 
Paul  Jones  with  a  small  squadron  fitted  out  in 

France,  but  sailing  under  the  American  flag,  gained 
an  important  victory  over  a  British  frigate,  off  the 
coast  of  Scotland. 

24.  How  was  he  rewarded? 

The  Order  of  Merit  was  bestowed  on  him  by  Louis 
XVI.  of  France,  while  Congress  gave  him  a  vote 
of  thanks  and  presented  him  with  a  gold  medal. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  Washington  being  defeated  on  Long  Island  re 
treated  into  Pennsylvania,   but  on  Christmas  night,  1770, 
surprised  the  Hessians  at  Trenton  and  gained  a  famous  vic 
tory.     During  the  summer  of  1777,  the  British  general,  Bur- 
goyne,  took  Ticonderoga  and  Fort  Edward,  but  was  defeated 
at  Bennington  and  Still  water. 

II.  About  this  time  Lafayette  fitted  out  a  vessel  at  his 
own  expense  and  joined  the  Americans. 

III.  A  severe  winter  at  Valley  Forge  was  followed  in 
the  spring  (1778)  by  a  victory  at  Monmouth  and  the  arrival 
of  supplies  from  France.     In  the  fall  of  1778  the  scene  of 
conflict  moved  to  Georgia,  which  being  subdued  by  the  Brit 
ish,  the  war  was  transferred  to  South  Carolina. 

IVo  In  July,  1779,  took  place  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
exploits  of  the  war,  the  capture  of  Stony  Point,  by  General 
Wayne.  In  September  the  Americans  attempted  to  retake 
Savannah,  but  were  repulsed. 

V.  During  the  same  month,  a  splendid  naval  victory 
was  gained  in  the  American  cause  by  Paul  Jones,  off  the 
coast  of  Scotland. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


83 


LESSON    V. 

The  Revolution.  —  (Concluded.) 
1.  What  disgraceful  event  occurred  in  1780? 
General  Arnold  attempted  to  betray  West  Point 
into  the  hands  of  the  British,  on  condition  that 
they  would  make  him  a  general  in  the  army  and 
give  him  about  $50,000. 


CAPTURE  OP  MAJOR  ANDRE. 

2.  With  whom  did  Arnold  make  his  arrangements f 
With  a  British  major  named  John  Andr& 


84  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

3.  How  was  the  treason  detected? 

Andre  was  on  his  return  to  New  York  after  an 
interview  with  Arnold,  and  had  reached  Tarry  town, 
when  he  was  stopped  by  three  Americans  who 
thought  his  appearance  suspicious. 

4.  What  did  they  find  on  his  person? 

They  found  treasonable  papers  concealed  in  his 
boots. 

5.  What  was  his  fate  f 
He  was  hung  as  a  spy. 

6.  What  became  of  Arnold? 

He  joined  the  British  army,  received  the  price 
of  his  infamy,  and  with  it  the  contempt  of  the 
world. 

7.  What  battle  did  the  Americans  gain,  under  General 
Greene,  in  September,  1781? 

The  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs. 

8.  After  this  battle  where  did  the  British  commander^ 
Cornwallis,  fortify  himself? 

At  Yorktown,  Virginia. 

9.  What  did  Washington? 

Washington,  aided  by  Lafayette  and  Rochambeau 
(ro-sham-bo'),  proceeded  against  Cornwallis. 

10.  On  his  arrival  at  Yorktown,  what  took  place  ? 

A  close  siege ;  at  the  conclusion  of  which  Corn 
wallis  was  obliged  to  surrender  himself  and  his 
whole  army  to  General  Washington  as  prisoners 
of  war.  This  joyful  event  terminated  THE  REVO 
LUTION  (October  19th,  1781). 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  85 


SURRENDER  OF  CORNWALLIS. 


11.  What  was  the  effect  of  the  news  of  this  victory,  at 
Philadelphia? 

The  news  reached  Philadelphia  at  two  o'clock, 
A.M.  The  people  were  awakened  by  the  watch 
man's  cry,  "Past  two  o'clock,  and  Cornwallis  is 
taken."  They  embraced  one  another,  shouted,  and 
wept;  and  one  old  man,  the  doorkeeper  of  Con 
gress,  died  of  joy.  The  names  of  Washington, 
Lafayette,  arid  Rochambeau  were  in  every  mouth, 
and  Congress  voted  them  the  highest  honors. 


86  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

12.  Where  was  a  solemn  Hass  of  Thanksgiving  offered, 
in  presence  of  the  victorious  generals? 

At  St.  Joseph's  Church,  Philadelphia. 

13.  When  was  the  American  army  disbanded? 
November  3d,  1783,  at  which  time  Washington 

bade  farewell  to  his  soldiers. 

14.  When  did  the  British  evacuate  New  York? 

November  25th,  1783,  after  which  General  Wash 
ington,  accompanied  by  Governor  Clinton,  entered 
the  city  in  triumph. 

15.  When  was  the  Constitution  adopted? 

In  1787,  at  a  National  Convention  held  at  Phila 
delphia. 

16.  Who  was  chosen  first  President  of  the  United  States? 
George  Washington. 

17.  Who  was  chosen  Vice-President? 
John  Adams,  of  Massachusetts. 

18.  What  new  States  were  admitted  into  the  Union  during 
Washington's  term  of  office? 

Vermont  (March,  1791);  Kentucky  (February, 
1792);  Tennessee  (June,  1796). 

19.  How  long  did  he  remain  in  office? 

Two  terms,  or  eight  years ;  but  having  declined  a 
third  term,  John  Adams  was  elected  to  succeed  him. 

20.  What  did  Washington  then  do? 
Washington  then  retired  into  private  life   at 

Mount  Vernon,  followed  by  the  love  and  veneration 
of  the  American  people,  and  affording  to  succeeding 
ages  a  noble  example  of  disinterestedness. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES.  8? 

21.  What  mournful  event  signalized  the  close  of  the  eigh 
teenth  century? 

The  death  of  Washington,  which  occurred  in 
December,  1799.  His  remains  were  deposited  in  a 
family  vault  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  where 
they  still  lie  entombed. 

SYNOPSIS. 

I.  In  178O9  the  name  of  Arnold  was  forever  branded  as 
that  of  a  traitor,  by  his  attempt  to  betray  West  Point  into 
the  hands  of  the  British.     Arnold  escaped,  but  his  British 
accomplice  was  hung  as  a  spy. 

II.  T/ie  battle  of  Eutaiv  Springs,  gained  by   the 
Americans  in  September,  1781,  was  followed,  in  October, 
by  the  complete  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  and  his  army. 
This  event  terminated  the  Revolution. 

III.  The  news  was  received  throughout  the  country  with 
intense  joy,  and  a  solemn  Mass  of  Thanksgiving  was  offered 
in  St.  Joseph's  Church,  Philadelphia,  in  presence  of  the  vic 
torious  generals.     . 

IV.  In  1787,  at  a  National  Convention  held  at  Phila 
delphia,  the  Constitution  was  adopted.      Washington  was 
inaugurated  first  President  of  the  United  States,  in  New 
York  (April  30,  1789). 

V.  Having  fulfilled  with  honor  his  high  office  dur 
ing  two  terms,  Washington  retired  again  into  private  life. 
In  December,  1799,  the  country  was  plunged  into  mourn 
ing  by  the  death  of  this  great  man,  who  may  with  justice 
be  styled  the  "Father  of  his  Country."     His  remains  lie 
entombed  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac. 


88 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTABY 


LESSON    VI. 

Catholicity  and  the  Revolution. 

1 .  What  event  important  to  Catholicity  took  place  in  1789  ? 

Father  John  Carroll,  S.  J.,  was  consecrated  the  first 

bishop  of  the 
United  States. 
At  this  time, 
there  were  not 
more  than 
six  Catholic 
churches  in 
the  Atlantic 
colonies. 

2.  How  had 
Catholics  been 
treated  in  the 
Atlantic  colo 
nies  for  almost 
a  century  pre 
vious  to  the 
Revolution  ? 

As  in  Eng 
land,  they  had  been  proscribed,  loaded  with  heavy 
taxes,  and  deprived  of  civil  rights ;  and  this  even 
on  the  very  spot  on  which  they  themselves  had  first 
unfurled  the  banner  of  religious  liberty,  "its  only 
home  in  the  icicle  world,"  as  Bancroft  styles  St. 
Mary's  on  the  Potomac. 


BISHOP  CARROLL. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  89 

3.  What  effect  had  the  Revolution  on  this  state  of  things? 

The  Revolution  became  the  dawn  of  a  new  era 
for  Catholicity  in  this  country. 

4.  What  led  to  this? 

The  first  important  advance  in  religious  freedom 
was  probably  in  consequence  of  the  alliance  with 
France  in  1778.  With  a  Catholic  ally,  the  Govern 
ment  could  not  well  denounce  Catholicity. 

5.  What  took  place  on  the  arrival  of  the  French? 
When  the  French  troops  landed  at  Boston,  the 

selectmen  of  the  capital  of  New  England  (amid  the 
ridicule  of  the  English  party)  followed  a  crucifix 
through  the  streets ;  when  the  French  fleet  entered 
Narragansett  Bay,  the  law  excluding  Roman  Catho 
lics  from  civil  rights  was  repealed;  when  the 
French  troops  were  at  Philadelphia,  Congress  went 
to  Mass. 

6.  What  happened  in  New  York  and  Boston  during  the 
last  year  of  the  war? 

The  Catholics  of  Boston  were  allowed  the  use  of 
a  schoolhouse  on  School  Street ;  and  those  of  New 
York  assembled  above  a  carpenter's  shop  in  Bar 
clay  Street. 

7.  What  priest  first  assembled  a  permanent  congregation 
in  New  York  ? 

After  the  war,  the  Rev.  Charles  Whelan,  an  Irish 
Franciscan,  previously  a  chaplain  in  the  French 
fleet,  settled  at  New  York,  and  was  the  first  who 
assembled  a  permanent  congregation  in  that  city. 


90  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

8.  What   celebrated   French  Catholics   fought  for  the 
American  cause? 

We  find  on  tlie  muster-roll  of  the  Revolution  the 
proud  French  names  of 
De  Lafayette,  Rocham- 
beau,  De  Montniorenci, 
De  Lausuiij  De  Chartel- 
leaux  (sliar-tel-o1)  j  and 
they  were  accompanied 
in  arms  by  the  Counts 
Dillon,  McMahon,  and 
Roche-Fermoy,  descen 
dants  of  Irish  Catholic 
EOCHAMBEAU.  f  ugitives  long  settled  in 

France. 

9.  What  celebrated  Irish  names  are  linked  with  the  cause 
of  our  freedom? 

Of  the  eight  brigadier-generals  under  Washington 
at  the  first  council  of  war  held  by  him,  two  were 
Irishmen,  Montgomery  of  New  York  and  Sullivan 
of  New  Hampshire ;  and, "  in  the  course  of  the  war," 
says  Darcy  McGee, "  one  third  of  the  active  chiefs 
of  the  army  were  of  Irish  birth  or  descent." 

10.  Name  a  few  of  Washington's  first  commanders  of  artil 
lery  who  were  either  Irishmen  or  descendants  of  Irishmen. 

Montgomery,  who  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the 
assault  on  Quebec ;  Moylan,  Washington's  aid-de 
camp  and  commissary  general,  and  afterwards  com 
mander  of  the  dragoons ;  Colonel  Butler,  General 


HISTORY   OP   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


91 


-' 


GENERAL  WAYNE. 


Wayne,  Major-General 
Sullivan,  and  Colonel 
Fitzgerald,  Washing 
ton's  favorite  aid-de 
camp. 

11.  What  can  you  say  of 

the  navy? 

The  first  naval  cap 
ture  in  the  name  of  the 
United  Colonies,  that  of 
the  British  store-ship 
Margaretta,  was  made 

by  five  brothers  named  O'Brien,  sons  of  Maurice 

O'Brien,  then  residing  in  Maine. 

12.  What  does  Fenimore  Cooper  style  this  affair? 
"  The  Lexington  of  the  seas" 

13.  What  can  you  say  of 
Captain  John  Barry? 

Among  the  first  naval 
commissions  issued  by 
Congress,  in  1775,  was 
that  of  Captain  John 
Barry,  surnamed  "THE 
FATHER  OF  THE  AMER 
ICAN  NAVY."  Under 
him  were  trained  Dale, 
Decatur,  Stewart,  and 

CAPTAIN   BARRY. 


92  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

14.  How  many  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence  were  Irish  either  by  birth  or  descent? 

Nine ;  or  more  than  one  fifth. 

15.  What  remarkable  words  did  Washington  use  in  his 
reply  to  the  address  of  the  Roman  Catholics  after  the  Revo 
lution? 

"  I presume  that  your  felloiv-citizens  will  not  forget 
the  patriotic  part  which  you  took  in  the  accomplish 
ment  of  the  Revolution  and  the  establishment  of  their 
government^  or  the  important  assistance  they  received 
from  a  nation  in  which  the  Roman  Catholic  faith  is 
professed" 

16.  What  aid  did  we  receive  from  Catholic  Spain? 

At  an  early  period  of  the  war,  Spain  sent  a  liberal 
gift  of  money.  Afterwards,  she  sent  cargoes  of  sup 
plies  to  us  from  Bilbao,  and  put  at  the  disposal  .of 
the  United  States,  ammunition  and  supplies  at  New 
Orleans.  She  also  sent  blankets  for  ten  regiments, 
made  a  gift  of  $150,000  through  our  representa 
tive,  and  in  many  other  ways  aided  the  American 
cause. 

17.  What  did  Count  Bernardo  de  Galvez,  the  young  Span 
ish  governor  of  Louisiana,  do  for  our  cause? 

The  English  having  seized  an  American  schooner 
on  the  Louisiana  Lakes,  he  confiscated  English  ves 
sels  in  reprisal ;  he  besieged  the  English  at  Baton 
Rouge,  and  compelled  it  to  surrender;  and,  finally, 
he  took  Pensacola,  which  blow  crushed  the  British 
power  on  our  southern  frontier. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  93 

13.  From  what  Catholic  Indian  tribe  did  Washington  ask 
and  obtain  aid  during  the  Ke volution? 

From  the  Abnaki  of  Maine.  Orono,  the  noble 
and  virtuous  chief  of  the  Penobscots,  bore  a  com 
mission  in  our  army,  and  his  clansmen  fought  by 
his  side. 

19.  What  occurred  after  peace  was  restored? 

A  solemn  deputation  of  the  Abnaki,  bearing  with 
them  the  cross  of  the  martyred  Father  Rasle,  waited 
on  Bishop  Carroll  to  ask  for  a  priest.  Their  request 
was  granted,  and  to  this  day,  the  Abnaki  of  Maine 
remain  true  to  their  Faith. 


THK  INDIAN  DEPUTATION  TO  BISHOP  CARROLL. 


1)4 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


•• 


San  Francisco  Bay.  Pacific  Ocean.  Golden  Gate. 

BIRD'S  EYE  VIEW  OP  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

20.  What  important  city  on  the  Pacific  coast  was  founded 
in  1776? 

San  Francisco,  by  the  Spanish  Franciscans,  under 
Father  Serra. 

21.  What  can  you  say  of  the  California  missions? 
Between  the  years  1768  and  1822,  the  Franciscans 

founded  along  the  Pacific  coast  twenty-one  mis 
sions,  the  chief  of  which  were  San  Diego,  Mon 
terey,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  and  Santa 
Barbara.  At  their  most  flourishing  period  the 
missions  numbered  75,000  converted  Indians. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES.  U5 

22.  When  was  the  first  Mass  offered  in  the  region  of  the 

Alleghanies? 

Christinas  Eve,  1799,  at  the  hands  of  the  prince- 
priest,  Father  Demetrius  Gallitzin. 

23.  What  can  you  say  of  Father  Gallitzin? 

He  was  a  Russian  prince  who,  by  becoming  a 
Catholic,  forfeited  the  honors  which  were  his  birth 
right  at  home. 

24.  What  further? 

Touched  by  the  spiritual  needs  of  this  country,  he 
devoted  himself  to  a  missionary  career  in  the  United 
States.  Having  established  the  beautiful  Catholic 
village  of  Loretto,  in  western  Pennsylvania,  he 
died,  full  of  years  and  good  works,  May  6th,  1840. 

25.  What  effect  had  the  French  Revolution  on  religion  in 
the  United  States? 

What  was  a  misfortune  to  France  proved  a 
blessing  to  this  country.  Between  1791  and  1799, 
twenty-three  French  priests  sought  an  asylum  on 
our  shores,  six  of  whom  afterwards  became  bishops. 

26.  What  were  the  statistics  of  Catholicity  in  the  United 
States,  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century? 

Bishop  CarrolPs  diocese  was  the  entire  United 
States ;  his  priests  about  forty  or  fifty  in  number, 
and  his  flock  fifty  thousand.  •  Fifty  years  later,  the 
Church  in  this  country  counted  six  archbishops, 
twenty-seven  bishops,  eighteen  hundred  priests, 
and  a  proportionate  increase  in  the  number  of  her 
lay  children. 


96  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


SYNOPSIS. 


I.  The  Revolution  proved  the  dawn  of  a  new  era  for 

Catholicity  in  this  country.  That  spirit  of  intolerance  which, 
in  the  preceding  century,  had  set  a  price  on  the  head  of  a 
priest,  could  scarcely  survive  in  view  of  the  Catholic  blood, 
talent,  and  treasure  poured  out  so  lavishly  in  the  American 


cause. 


II.  In  the  Revolution ,  Catholics  bore  their  part  bravely, 
as  we  see  from  the  names  of  Carroll,  Fitzsimmons,  and  others 
in  Congress  and  State  legislatures ;  Moylan  and  Barry,  with 
many  an  humbler  hero,  in  the  army  and  navy.     Catholics, 
clergy  and  laity,  were  true  to  the  cause.     There  was  no 
Catholic  traitor. 

Catholic  Spain  and  France,  and  even  the  Catholic  Indians, 
lent  their  aid  to  the  Americans. 

III.  During  the  last  year  of  the  war  the  Catholics 
of  Boston  were  allowed  the  use  of  a  schoolhouse  on  School 
Street,  and  those  of  New  York  assembled  above  a  carpen 
ter's  shop  in  Barclay  Street. 

IV.  In  1789,  Rev.  J.  Carroll,  cousin  of  one  of  the  sign 
ers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  consecrated 
first  Bishop  of  Baltimore,  his  diocese  being  the  entire  United 
States. 


LESSON    VII. 

Chronological  Review. — Eighteenth  Century. 

17 OO.  —  An  act  against  priests  passed  in  New  York. 
17O2. -Queen  Anne's  War  begun. 
17O3.— The  English  from  South  Carolina  destroyed  the 
Indian  missions  in  Florida. 
1 724. -Death  of  Father  Easle. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  97 

1 732.— George  Washington  "born. 

1733.— Georgia  settled  by  Oglethorpe  at  Savannah. 

1 74  A— "Negro  Plot"  in  New  York. 

1744:.— King  George's  War  begun. 

1 753.— Washington  sent  by  Dinwiddie  to  St.  Pierre. 

1754.— Fort  Necessity  captured  by  the  French;  French 
driven  from  Acadia. 

./75«5.-Braddock  defeated. 

175$*— Fort  Duquesne  taken  by  the  English. 

1 759.  —Niagara  taken  by  Johnson  and  Quebec  by  Wolfe ; 
death  of  Montcalm  and  Wolfe. 

17 GO.— Montreal  taken  by  the  English.. 

J7(>3.— Peace  of  Paris. 

J7(>5.— Stamp  Act  passed. 

1 76(i.—  Stamp  Act  repealed. 

1767.— Tax  on  tea,  etc. 

1 768. —Upper  California  visited  by  Spanish  Franciscans. 

1 7  7O.  —All  duties  except  on  tea  repealed. 

1 773.— Tea.  thrown  overboard  in  Boston  harbor. 

1 774.— Boston  Port  Bill  passed. 

1775.— Battles  of  Lexington,  Bunker  Hill,  and  Quebec ; 
Montgomery  killed ;  Washington  appointed  commander-in- 
chief. 

1776.— Boston  evacuated  by  the  British ;  attack  on  Fort 
Moultrie ;  Declaration  of  Independence ;  battles  of  Long  Is 
land,  White  Plains,  and  Trenton ;  embassy  from  United  States 
to  Canada. 

1777.—  Battles  of  Princeton,  Bennington,  Brandy  wine, 
Saratoga,  Germantown ;  arrival  of  Lafayette ;  surrender  of 
Burgoyne  ;  Washington  encamped  at  Valley  Forge. 

1778.— The  British  evacuated  Philadelphia;  battle  of 
Monmouth;  American  independence  acknowledged  by 
France ;  French  fleet  arrived  in  Narragansett  Bay ;  Massacre 
of  Wyoming;  the  British  took  Savannah. 


98  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

1 7  79.— Capture  of  Stony  Point  by  Wayne  •,  Paul  Jones' 
victory. 

1 7  79.— Repulse  of  the  Americans  and  French  at  Savan 
nah  ;  death  of  Pulaski. 

178O.— The  English  at  Baton  Rouge  surrendered  to 
Count  Galvez. 

J.780.— Second  French  fleet  arrived  at  Newport;  battle 
of  Cainden ;  treason  of  Arnold ;  execution  of  Andre". 

1 781. —Battles  of  Cowpens,  Eutaw  Springs,  and  York- 
town  ;  surrender  of  Cornwallis ;  termination  of  the  Revolu 
tion. 

1783.— Treaty  of  Peace  signed  at  Paris. 

1783.—  New  York  evacuated  by  the  British;  army  dis 
banded  ;  Washington  resigned  his  position. 

17 84.— Rev.  John  Carroll  made  Prefect  Apostolic  in  the 
United  States. 

1 786.— St.  Peter's  church  erected  in  New  York. 

1 78 7.— Constitution  of  the  United  States  adopted. 

1 789.— Washington  elected  first  President  of  the  United 
States ;  Dr.  Carroll  appointed  first  Bishop  in  the  United  States. 

1789.— Georgetown  College  founded. 

179O.— The  city  of  Washington  laid  out  by  General 
Washington ;  the  Carmelites  settled  in  Maryland. 

1 79 1.— Vermont  admitted  to  the  Union. 

1791.— St.  Mary's  Seminary,  Baltimore,  founded. 

1792.—  Kentucky  admitted  to  the  Union. 

1.793.— First  priest  (Father  Badin)  ordained  in  the 
United  States. 

1 795.  —Prince  Gallitzin  ordained. 

1 796.— Tennessee  admitted  to  the  Union. 

1707. — John  Adams  inaugurated  President. 

1799.— Sulpitian  College  founded  at  Baltimore;  first 
Mass  offered  in  the  region  of  the  Alleghanies. 

1799.— Washington  died  at  Mount  Vernon. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  99 

LESSON    VIII. 

Geographical  Table  No.  4. 

Attamaha,  a  river  of  Georgia,  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  Oconee  and  Ogeecheo  Rivers. 

Appalacllicola,  a  river  of  Florida,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Chattahoochee  and  Flint,  which  unite  at  the  south 
west  extremity  of  Georgia. 

Baton  Rouge,  the  present  capital  of  Louisiana,  situated 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  129  miles  above  New 
Orleans. 

Bcnnington,  a  town  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Ver 
mont,  37  miles  east  of  Albany. 

Jiilb(to9  a  city  in  the  north  of  Spain,  enclosed  by  lofty 
mountains. 

Boston,  the  capital  of  Massachusetts,  and  one  of  the 
leading  commercial  cities  of  the  Union. 

Brandy  wine  Creek,  a  stream  which  rises  in  the  north 
western  part  of  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  flows  in  a 
southeasterly  direction,  and  empties  into  Christiana  Creek 
at  the  city  of  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Crown  Point,  a  town  of  New  York,  on  the  west  shore 
of  Lake  Champlain. 

Eutaw  Springs,  a  small  branch  of  the  Santee  River, 
South  Carolina. 

Germantown,  now  included  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Lexington,  a  town  of  Massachusetts,  7  miles  east  of 
Concord.  In  1799,  a  small  monument  was  erected  on  Lex 
ington  Common  to  mark  the  scene  of  the  first  bloodshed  of 
the  Revolutionary  War. 

London,  the  capital  of  England,  situated  on  the  Thames 
River. 

Monmoitth,  a  central  county  of  New  Jersey,  drained  by 
the  Neversink,  Shrewsbury,  Shark,  and  Toms  Rivers.  The 
battle  took  place  at  Freehold. 


100  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

Mount  Vernon,  situated  on  the  Potomac,  8  miles  below 
Alexandria. 

Xew  Orleans,  the  largest  city  of  Louisiana,  situated  on 
the  Mississippi,  about  100  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Ogdensburg,  a  city  of  New  York,  situated  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  about  200  miles  northwest  of  Albany. 

Pensacola,  a  city  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida,  situated 
on  the  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Philadelphia,  the  chief  city  of  Pennsylvania,  situated 
on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill. 

Princeton,  a  town  of  New  Jersey,  11  miles  northeast  of 
Trenton. 

Savannah,  the  largest  city  and  the  commercial  metrop 
olis  of  Georgia,  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Savannah 
River.  It  contains  a  monument  to  General  Greene,  and  one 
to  the  memory  of  Pulaski. 

Stittwater,  a  village  of  Saratoga  County,  New  York,  24 
miles  above  Albany. 

Ticonderoga,  a  village  of  New  York,  situated  at  the 
outlet  of  Lake  George.  Two  or  three  miles  below  this  vil 
lage  are  the  ruins  of  the  old  Fort  Ticonderoga,  on  the  west 
shore  of  Lake  Champlaiu. 

Trenton,  the  capital  of  New  Jersey,  situated  on  the  left 
bankoftheDelawareRiver,30milesnortheast  of  Philadelphia. 

West  Point,  the  site  of  the  United  States  Military  Acad 
emy,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Hudson,  52  miles 
north  of  the  city  of  New  York.  The  natural  strength  of  the 
place  led  to  its  selection  for  a  fortress  during  the  Revolution, 
and  a  heavy  chain  was  stretched  across  the  river  (which  is 
here  very  narrow)  to  prevent  the  passage  of  the  enemy's  ships. 

Wyoming  Valley,  a  beautiful  and  fertile  tract  on  the 
Susquehaima  River,  in  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania. 

Yorktown,  a  town  of  Virginia  situated  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  York  River,  11  miles  from  its  mouth. 


SECTION  V. 

A.D.  18OO  TO  THE  PRESENT. 


LESSON     I. 

Presidential  Administrations  from  Jefferson  to  Buchanan 

1.  What  occurred  in  1800? 

The  seat  of  government  was  removed  from  Phil 
adelphia  to  Washington. 

2.  Who  succeeded 
John   Adams   in  the 
presidency? 

Thomas  Jeffer 
son,  the  author  of 
the  Declaration  of 
Indep  endence 
(1801-1809). 

3.  What     acquisi 
tion  was  made  by  the 
United  States  in  1803? 

The   French 

province  of  Loui-  THOMAS  JEFFERSON. 

101 


102  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

siana,  a  vast  region  extending  from  the  Missis 
sippi  River  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  was  purchased 
from  France,  for  the  sum  of  $15,000,000. 

4.  What  did  Napoleon  say  concerning  this  purchase? 
Napoleon  observed,  "  This  accession  of  territory 

strengthens  forever  the  power  of  the  United  States ; 
and  I  have  just  given  to  England  a  maritime  rival 
that  will,  sooner  or  later,  humble  her  pride."  This 
prophecy  was  about  to  come  true,  as  we  shall  see, 
in  the  War  of  1812. 

5.  What  events  favorable  to  Catholicity  occurred  between 
1804  and  1810? 

The  restoration  of  the  Jesuits  in  the  United 
States  (1805) ;  the  foundation  of  a  Dominican  mon 
astery  in  Kentucky  (1806),  and  of  the  Sisters  of 
Charity  at  Emmettsburg  (1809). 

6.  For  what  was  the  year  1807  memorable? 

For  the  first  voyage  of  Fulton's  steamboat,  the 
Clermont.  It  made  the  trip  in  thirty-six  hours. 

7.  Against  what  nation  did  the  United  States  declare 
war  in  1812? 

Great  Britain. 

8.  What  led  to  this  war? 

Great  Britain  claimed  the  right  to  search  Ameri 
can  vessels  and  to  take  therefrom  such  seamen  as 
were  supposed  to  be  British  deserters.  In  pursu 
ance  of  this  claim,  the  American  frigate,  Chesa 
peake,  was  fired  and  boarded,  and  four  alleged  de 
serters  (three  of  whom  afterwards  proved  to  be 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


103 


Americans)  were  seized.  This  outrage,  and  others 
of  a  similar  character,  induced  Congress  to  declare 
war  against  Great  Britain. 

9.  How  was  the  first  year  of  the  war  characterized? 
By  great  disasters  to  the  Americans  on  land,  the 

whole  of  Michigan  Territory  being  lost  by  the 
ignominious  surrender  of  General  Hull,  at  Detroit 
(1812). 

10.  What  helped  to  retrieve  the  honor  of  the  country? 
Several  brilliant  naval  victories  gained  by  Captain 

Hull  (nephew  of  General  Hull),  Decatur,  and  others. 

11.  What 
splendid   vic 
tory  was  gain 
ed  in  1813? 

Commo 
dore  Perry 
gained  a 
splendid 
victory  on 
Lake  Erie 
Over  a  Brit- 
ish  fleet, 
every  vessel 
being  com 
pelled  to 
surrender. 
By  this  and 
other  victo 
ries,  Michigan  Territory  was  recovered  and  the  war 
on  the  western  frontier  terminated. 


OLIVER  HAZARD  PERRY. 


104 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


12.  What  place  was  bombarded  by  the  British  in  August, 
1814? 

Fort  McHenry  near  Baltimore.  It  was  on  this 
occasion  that  our  beautiful  national  song, "  The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner,"  was  composed  byFrancisS.Key 


THE  PATTLE  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

13.  In  what  direction  did  the  English  now  turn  their  arms ! 
To  the  south  ;  but  they  were  repulsed  with  great 

loss,  by  General  Jackson,  at  New  Orleans. 

14.  How  many  were  slain? 

Two   thousand    British,   including  their  com 
mander,  General  Packenham  (1815). 


HISTORY  OP  THE   UNITED  STATES.  105 

15.  In  what  singular  manner  had  General  Jackson  forti- 
ded  the  city? 

When  he  saw  the  British  approaching  by  water, 
he  conceived  the  happy  idea  of  covering  the  in- 
trenchment  with  a  great  number  of  cotton  bales, 
which,  of  course,  no  ball  could  penetrate. 

1C.  Meanwhile  what  had  occurred? 

A  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States  and 
England  had  been  signed,  at  Ghent,  December 
24th,  1814 ;  but  the  news  did  not  reach  this  coun 
try  until  the  following  February. 

17.  During  whose  administration  did  the  War  of  1812 
occur? 

During  the  administration  of  James  Madison, 
who  succeeded  Thomas  Jefferson,  in  1809. 

18.  What  occurred  during  the  administration  of  the  next 
President    lames  Monroe  (1817-1825)? 

A  Bill  was  passed  known  as  the  "  Missouri  Com- 
oromise,"  by  which  it  was  declared  that,  with  the 
exception  of  Missouri,  slavery  should  be  prohibited 
in  the  territory  north  of  the  parallel  36°  30',  and 
west  of  the  Mississippi. 

19.  What  can  you  say  of  John  Quincy  Adams'  term  of 
office  (1825-1829)? 

It  was  one  of  peace,  and  the  nation  made  rapid 
advances  in  population  and  wealth.  During  it,  the 
first  railroad  in  the  United  States  was  completed, 
and  the  Erie  Canal  opened. 


106  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

20.  What  happened  on  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Ameri 
can  Independence? 

On  the  Fourth  of  July,  1826,  by  a  singular  coin 
cidence,  occurred  the  deaths  of  the  two  venerable 
ex- Presidents,  John  Adams  and  Thomas  Jefferson. 

21.  What  took  place   during  Jackson's   administration 
(1829-1837)? 

The  attempts  to  remove  the  Seminoles  from 
Florida  met  with  a  fierce  opposition  from  many 
of  the  tribe,  under  their  chief,  Osceola. 

22.  What  ensued? 

A  fierce  war  ensued,  at  the  close  of  which,  Osceola 
was  seized  and  sent  to  Fort  Moultrie,  and  the  In 
dians  were  defeated  under  General  Taylor  (1837). 

23.  What  can  you  say,  in  general,  of  the  conduct  of  the 
whites  toward  the  Indians? 

It  has,  in  general,  been  characterized  by  great  in 
justice  and  cruelty.  The  Indians  have  been  dispos 
sessed  of  their  lands,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  whites, 
and  driven  to  the  far  West.  With  the  exception  of 
the  Catholic  missionaries,  \\  ho  have  devoted  to  them 
their  lives  and  labors,  few  seem  to  consider  the  rights 
or  the  welfare  of  the  Indians  as  of  any  account. 

24.  Name  the  four  Presidents  who,  in  turn,  succeeded 
Jackson. 

Van  Buren  (1837-1841),  whose  presidency  was 
noted  for  a  great  financial  crisis ;  Harrison,  who 
died  shortly  after  his  accession  (1841) ;  Tyler,  dur 
ing  whose  administration  Texas  was  annexed  to 
the  United  States  (1841-1845) ;  and  Polk  (1845- 
1849). 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


107 


25.  What  war  occurred  during  Folk's  administration? 

A  war  between  the  United  States  aiid  Mexico, 
concerning  the  annexation  of  Texas. 

26.  How  was  it  concluded? 

By  the  capture  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  (1847),  and 
other  places,  by  General  Scott. 


FIRST  VIEW  OP  THE  CITY   OF  MEXICO,  FROM  THE  SUMMIT  OF  THE 
CORDILLERAS. 

27.  When  was  a  treaty  of  peace  concluded? 
February  2d,  1848,  a  treaty  of  peace  was  signed 

by  both  nations.  By  this  treaty,  the  United  States 
obtained  the  whole  of  New  Mexico  and  Upper  Cali 
fornia. 

28.  Name  the  three  succeeding  Presidents. 

Zachary   Taylor,  whose   administration    (1849- 


108  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

1850)  was  noted  for  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Califor 
nia,  and  the  consequent  rapid  emigration  thither ; 
Millard  Fillmore,  during  whose  term  (1850-1853) 
the  Japanese  sent  an  embassy  of  seventy  persons  to 
this  country ;  and  Franklin  Pierce,  during  whose 
administration  (1853-1857)  the  Bill  of  the  Mis 
souri  Compromise  was  repealed. 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  The  Wth  Century  opened  with  the  removal  of  the 
seat  of  government  from  Philadelphia  to  Washington.     The 
next  year  Thomas  Jefferson  became   President,  and  two 
years  later,  Louisiana  was  purchased. 

II.  In  1S129  during  the  presidency  of  Madison,  war 
was  again  declared  between  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain.      The  latter   nation  claimed  the  right  to  search 
American  vessels,  which  right  the  Americans  denied.     The 
war  lasted  two  years  and  was  finally  settled  by  the  Treaty 
of  Ghent  (December  24th,  1814). 

III.  Monroe's  Presidency  was  noted  for  the  Bill  of 
the  Missouri  Compromise ;  J.  Q.  Adams',  for  great  national 
peace  and  prosperity  ;  Jackson's,  for  the  Seminole  War  ;  Van 
Buren's,  for  the  great  financial  crisis  of  1837 ;  and  Harri 
son's,  for  his  sudden  death. 

IV.  During  Tyler9 s  Administration,  Texas    was 
annexed  to  the  United  States,  and  this  brought  about  a  war 
with  Mexico  during  Polk's  term  of  office.     The  capture  of 
the  city  of  Mexico  terminated  the  war  in  favor  of  the  United 
States. 

V.  Taylor's  Administration  was  noted  for  the  dis 
covery  of  gold  in  California ;  Fillmore's,  for  the  Japanese 
Embassy ;  and  Pierce's,  for  the  repeal  of  the  Missouri  Com 
promise  Bill. 


HISTOltY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


109 


LESSON     II. 

The  Civil  War. 

1.  Who  succeeded  Pierce? 

James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsylvania  (1857-1861). 
He  had  previously  been  American  minister  to  Rus 
sia  and  to  Great  Britain. 

2.  What     States 
were  admitted  into 
the     Union     during 
Buchanan's    admin 
istration? 

Minnesota  (in 
1858);  Oregon  (in 
1859);  and  Kan 
sas  (in  1861). 

3.  What  can  you 
say  of  Oregon? 

Oregon  Terri 
tory  was  organ 
ized  in  1848,  and 
then  included  all 
the  possessions 

of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Rocky  Moun 
tains.  It  has  since  been  divided  into  fhe  States 
of  Oregon,  Washington,  and  Idaho. 

4.  By  whom  was  the  Faith  planted  in  Oregon? 

By  Rev.  F.  N.  Blanchet  and  Rev.  Modest  Demers. 
They  arrived  at  Fort  Vancouver  in  November, 


JAMES  BUCHANAN. 


110  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

1838,  having  passed  the  summit  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Oregon  City  was  made  a  metropolitan 
see  in  1846,  with  Rev.  F.  N.  Blaiichet  as  first  Arch 
bishop. 

5.  What  celebrated  missionary  had,  in  1840,  commenced 
missions  in  Idaho  f 

Father  John  De  Smet,  the  greatest  Indian  mis 
sionary  of  the  age. 

6.  What  can  you  say  of  him? 

He  established  flourishing  missions  among  the 
Flatheads  and  other  tribes,  and  during  the  succeed 
ing  thirty  years  he  devoted  to  them  his  energies  and 
his  life.  With  undaunted  heart  h  e  faced  hostile  and 
savage  tribes,  mastered  strange  dialects,  and  con- 
verted,  baptized,  and  civilized  barbarous  tribes. 
He  expired  among  his  brethren  at  St.  Louis,  in 
May,  1872. 

7.  What  question  was,  at  this  time  (1857),  much  agitated! 
The  Slavery  Question. 

8.  What  can  you  say  of  "John  Brown's  Raid"? 

In  1859,  an  attempt,  called  John  Brown's  Raid, 
was  made  to  seize  the  arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  thus  to  capture  and  liberate  a  large  number 
of  slaves.  The  undertaking  proved  unsuccessful; 
and  several  who  engaged  in  it,  including  John 
Brown  himself,  were  tried  and  executed. 

9.  Who  succeeded  Buchanan? 

Abraham  Lincoln  (1861),  who  was  decidedly  op- 
posed  to  slavery. 


HISTORY   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 


Ill 


10.  What  effect  did  his  election  produce  in  the  Southf 
South     Carolina 

seceded,  or  broke 
off,  from  the  Union, 
December  20th, 
I860;  and  her  ex- 
ample  was  soon  fol 
lowed  by  Mississip 
pi,  Alabama,  Flor 
ida,  Georgia,  Loui 
siana,  and  Texas. 

11.  What    did    the 
seceding  States  do? 

They  adopted  a 
constitution,  as 
sumed  the  title  of 
"Confederate 
States  of  America,* 
and  elected  Jeffer 
son  Davis,  a  distin 
guished  statesman 
and  soldier,  Presi 
dent 

12.  What    other 

States  afterwards  join 
ed  the  Confederacy? 

Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  Tennes 
see,  and  Arkansas.  JSFFKHSON  DAVIS. 


112 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


13.  What  was  one  of  the  first  acts  of  the  Confederates? 
The  bombardment  and  capture  of  Fort  Sumter, 
(April  12th,  1861). 


BOMBARDMENT  OF  FORT  SUMTEB. 


14.  Which  was  the  first  great  conflict  of  the  wart 

The  battle  of  Bull  Run  (July,  1861),  in  which  the 
Union  forces,  being  defeated,  fled  panic-stricken 
from  the  field. 

15.  Who  now  took  command  of  the  Union  Army  on  the 
Potomac  f 

General  George  B.  McClellan. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  113 

16.  Mention  some  of  tho  most  important  events  of  the 
war  during  the  early  part  of  the  year  1862. 

The  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  by 
General  Grant,  and  the  taking  of  New  Orleans  by 
Admiral  Farragut. 

17.  What  remarkable  naval  battle  took  place  in  March, 
1862? 

The  combat  between  the  Monitor  and  the  Mer- 
riniac. 

18.  What  was  the  Merrimac? 

She  was  a  Confederate  iron-clad  war  vessel,  that 
had  been  built  at  Norfolk.  She  attacked  a  fleet  of 
Union  war  vessels  near  the  mouth  of  the  James 
River. 

19.  What  was  the  result? 

She  ran  against  and  sank  the  Cumberland,  and 
compelled  the  frigate  Congress  to  surrender.  Next 
day,  she  was  to  demolish  the  rest  of  the  fleet. 

20.  What 
Union       vessel 
meanwhile    ar- 
rived? 

The    Mon 
itor. 

21.  Describe 
the  Monitor. 

The     Mon-  THE  MONITOR. 

itor    was     a 

hull  with  the  deck  a  few  inches  above  water,  and 

in  the  center  was  a  curious  round  tower  made  to 


114 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


revolve  constantly  by  steam  power,  thus  turning 
her  two  guns  in  every  direction.  She  was  nick 
named  the  "  Yankee  Cheese  Box." 

22.  What  was  done  by  the  Monitor? 

The  next  day  the  Monitor  attacked  the  Merrimac. 
The  latter,  after  a  fierce  contest,  was  obliged  to 
steam  back  to  Norfolk.  This  conflict  excited  great 
interest  all  over  the  world;  and  on  it,  probably, 
hinged  the  fate  of  the  war. 

23.  Meanwhile  what  was  General  McClellan  planning? 
The  capture  of  Richmond.     For  this  purpose  he 

had  brought  his  army  to  the  Yorktown  peninsula 
in  Virginia ;  and,  in  April,  he  commenced  what  is 
called  the  "  Peninsular  Campaign." 

24.  Who    became 
commauder-in-c  h  i  e  f 
of    the    Confederate 
forces  June  3d,  1862? 

General  Robert 
Lee  of  Virginia. 

25.  What    did    he 
immediately  com 
mence? 

A  series  of  oper 
ations  known  as 
the  "Seven  Days 
Battles." 

26.  With  what  re- 

suit? 

GENERAL  ROBERT  E.  LEE.  Af  ter     the     COU- 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  115 

eluding  battle  at  Malvern  Hill,  McClellan  retired 
to  Harrison's  Landing  and  the  siege  of  Richmond 
was  virtually  raised.  Lee  had  captured  10,000  pris 
oners,  taken  or  destroyed  immense  stores,  and  the 
Union  army  was  cooped  up  on  the  James  River. 

27.  What  battle  did  Lee  soon  after  gain? 

The  second  battle  of  Bull  Run.  He  then  deter 
mined  to  invade  Maryland;  but  the  bloody  and 
indecisive  battle  of  Antietam  (an-tee'tam)  put  an 
end  to  his  hopes  in  that  quarter, 

28.  Which  were  the  principal  battles  toward  the  close  of 
the  year  1862? 

In  December,  the  battle  of  Fredericksbm-g,  gained 
by  the  Confederates,  and  that  of  Murfreesboro, 
gained  by  the  Union  forces  under  General  Rosecrans. 

29.  Mention  the  principal  events  of  the  war  during  the 
year  1863. 

The  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  .greatest  of  the  war, 
gained  by  the  Union  forces,  and  the  surrender  of 
Vicksburg  to  General  Grant,  July  4th. 

30.  How  did  the  contest  proceed? 

Two  campaigns  were  planned,  one  against  Rich 
mond,  under  General  Grant,  and  the  other  against 
Atlanta,  under  General  Sherman. 

31.  Was  Sherman  successful? 

By  a  series  of  masterly  movements,  Sherman 
compelled  the  Confederates  to  retreat,  and  he 
finally  succeeded  in  taking  Atlanta  (1864).  After 


116  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

this,  he  made  a  memorable  march  through  Georgia 
to  the  seacoast,  and  occupied  Savannah. 

32.  What  were  Grant's  movements? 

He  overtook  and  surrounded  the  Confederates 
under  the  celebrated  General  Lee,  who  was,  at 
length,  obliged  to  surrender  (April  9th,  1865). 
This  surrender  was  soon  followed  by  that  of  the 
other  Confederate,  generals,  and  the  sad  Civil  War, 
which  during  four  years  had  desolated  the  country, 
was  at  an  end. 

33.  What  two  celebrated  American  prelates  died  during 
the  Civil  War? 

Archbishop  Kendrick  (1863),  and  Archbishop 
Hughes  (1864).  The  latter,  like  the  first  American 
Bishop,  had  been  the  envoy  of  our  government 
during  the  war,  and  had  done  us  efficient  service 
in  Europe. 

34.  What  tragical  event  occurred  almost  simultaneously 
with  the  close  of  the  war? 

The  assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  at  a 
theatre  in  Washington  (April  14th,  1865). 

35.  What  can  you  say  of  the  state  of  the  country? 
The  nation  rapidly  recovered  from  the  effects  of 

the  Civil  War ;  a  general  amnesty  to  all  concerned 
in  it  was  proclaimed  ;  the  bitter  feeling  engendered 
by  fraternal  strife  gradually  melted  away,  and 
North  and  South  were  once  more  united  in  the 
bonds  of  national  brotherhood. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  117 


SYNOPSIS. 

I.  During    Buchanan's     administration      the 

"  Slavery  Question  "  was  much  agitated.  A  bitter  feeling 
on  the  subject  began  to  spring  up  between  the  North  and 
South,  which,  on  the  accession  of  Lincoln,  who  was  opposed 
to  slavery,  resulted  in  civil  war. 

II.  Eleven  States  soon  seceded  from  the  Union ;  and 
during  four  years,  our  country  was  the  scene  of  strife.     After 
a  variety  of  successes  and  defeats  on  both  sides,  victory  de 
clared  in  favor  of  the  Union  forces,  and  the  Confederates 
were  obliged  to  surrender. 

III.  The  principal  events  favorable  to  the  Union  forces 
during  the  war,  were  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donel- 
son,  the  battles  of  Antietam,  Murfreesboro,  and  Gettysburg, 
the  contest  between  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac,  and  the  cap 
ture  of  New  Orleans,  Vicksburg,  Atlanta,  and  Savannah. 

IV.  Til e  principal  Confederate  victories  were  the 
battles  of  Bull  Run,  the  Peninsular  Campaign  (including 
the  Seven  Days  Battles  and  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run), 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  that  of  Chancellorsville. 

V.  The  most  noted  generals  of  the  war  were  Grant  of 
the  Union  army,  and  Lee  of  the  Confederates. 

VI.  Jiist  as  the  war  closed,  the  nation  was  plunged 
into  mourning  by  the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln. 
He  had  been  preceded  to  the  tomb  by  the  venerable  Arch- 
bishops  Kendrick  and  Hughes. 

VII.  A  general  amnestj/  to  all  concerned  in  the  Civil 
War  was  proclaimed,  and  the  country  gradually  recovered 
from  the  effects  of  the  strife. 


118  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

LESSON     III. 

Johnson's  Administration  to  the  Present  Day. 

1.  Who  succeeded  Lincoln? 

A  few  hours  after  the  death  of  Lincoln,  the  Vice- 
President,  Andrew  Johnson,  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  presidency  (1865-1869). 

2.  What  act  was  passed  during  his  administration? 
Notwithstanding  the  opposition  of  the  President, 

the  "Reconstruction  Act"  was  passed.  By  this, 
the  States  recently  in  secession  were,  on  certain 
conditions,  to  be  readmitted  to  the  Union. 

3.  What  occurred  during  1867? 

Nebraska,  the  thirty-seventh  State,  was  admitted 
to  the  Union ;  and  the  Territory  of  Alaska  was 
purchased  from  Russia,  for  the  sum  of  $7,200,000 

4.  When  did  the  hostility  between  Congress  and  the 
President  reach  a  climax? 

Iii  the  spring  of  1868. 

5.  What  was  the  immediate  cause  of  this? 

The  President  attempted  to  remove  the  Secretary 
of  War,  and  the  majority  of  Congress  declared  that 
by  so  doing  he  had  violated  the  law.  They  accord 
ingly  impeached  him  of  high  crimes  and  misde 
meanors,  with  a  view  to  removing  him  from  office. 

6.  What  was  the  result? 

After  a  long  trial,  the  President  was  finally 
acquitted,  May  26th. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED  STATES.  113 

7.  Who  succeeded  Johnson f 

General  Ulysses  S.  Grant  (1869-1877). 

8.  For  what  was  the  year  1869  memorable? 

The  year  1869  was  remarkable  for  the  completion 
of  the  Pacific  Railroad  connecting  California  with 
the  Mississippi  valley,  thus  bringing  New  York 
into  communication  with  San  Francisco  in  seven 
days. 

9.  What  can  yon  say  of  Grant's  administration? 

One  of  the  most  important  events  of  Grant's  ad 
ministration  was  the  adoption  of  the  Fifteenth 
Amendment  to  the  Constitution  (March,  1870). 
By  this  the  negroes  were  made  citizens  and  voters. 

10.  What  other  important  event  took  place  during  Grant's 
presidency? 

The  settlement  of  disputes  with  England,  espe 
cially  that  concerning  the  construction  and  fitting 
out  of  Confederate  cruisers  in  British  ports,  during 
the  American  Civil  War.  This  was  commonly 
called  the  "  Alabama  Claims.* 

11.  How  was  it  finally  settled? 

It  was  settled  by  a  Board  of  Arbitrators,  who 
met  at  Geneva,  Switzerland.  They  decided  that 
Great  Britain  should  pay  to  the  United  States  the 
sum  of  $15,500,000  in  gold.  This  amount  was 
accordingly  paid  the  following  year  (1872). 

12.  What  took  place  in  1875? 

In  the  year  1875,  Pope  Pius  IX.  created  the 
venerable  John  McCloskey,  Archbishop  of 


120 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


York,  the  first  American  Cardinal.    This  event  was 
hailed  with  joy  throughout  the  country. 
13.  For  what  is  1876  memorable? 
The  Centennial  celebration  of  American  in  de- 
pen  dence. 
An  exhibition 
of    American 
and     foreign 
arts,       prod 
ucts,  and  man 
ufactures  was 
held  at  Phila 


delphia,  from 
May  until  No 
vember. 

14.  What 
State  was  ad 
mitted  into  the 
Union  in  1875! 

Colorado, 
the  thirty- 


eighth    State. 

Its  Constitu 
tion  was  not  ratified  by  the  people  until  1876. 
Hence  it  is  known  as  the  Centennial  State. 

15.  What  can  you  say  of  Colorado? 

Its  territory  was  one  of  the  first  discovered. 
Coronado,  a  Spaniard,  led  an  expedition  from 
Mexico  to  explore  it  in  1540. 

16.  Who  succeeded  Grant? 

After  a  warmly  contested  election,  R.  B.  Hayes 


HIS  EMINENCE,   CARDINAL  MCCLOSKEY, 
BORN  1810,  DIED  1883. 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  121 

took  his  seat  in  the  presidential  chair,  March  4th, 

1877. 

17.  What  were  the  principal  events  of  Hayes's  adminis 
tration? 

His  conciliatory  measures  toward  the  South, 
various  troubles  with  the  Indians  (1877-1879),  and  a 
treaty  with  China  (1880). 

18.  By  whom  was  Hayes  succeeded? 

By  James  A.  Garfield,  of  Ohio  (1881),  who,  within 
four  months  after  his  inauguration,  was  cruelly 
shot  by  a  man  named  Guiteau. 

19.  What  can  yon  say  of  his  brief  administration? 

His  measures  were  conciliatory,  and  seemed  to 
promise  an  era  of  good  feeling. 

20.  By  whom  was  ho  succeeded? 

He  was  immediately  succeeded  by  the  Vice- 
President,  Chester  A.  Arthur. 

21.  What  bill  was  passed  during  his  administration? 

The  Civil  Service  Bill.  It  aimed  to  regulate, 
by  means  of  examination,  the  system  of  civil  ser- 
.vice  appointments  and  promotions. 

22.  By  whom  was  Arthur  succeeded? 

In  1885  Arthur  was  succeeded  by  the  demo 
cratic  candidate,  Grover  Cleveland. 

23.  What  law  was  passed  during  Cleveland's  administra 
tion? 

The  Presidential  Succession  Law. 

24.  What  does  this  law  determine? 

The  order  of  the  presidential  succession  in  case 


122 


SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


of  the  death  or  disability  of  the  President  and 
Vice-President. 

25.  What  distinguished  personages  died  in  1885? 

Generals  Grant,  McClellan,  and  McDowell,  and 
His  Eminence,  Cardinal  McCloskey. 


GROVER  CLEVELAND. 

26.  Who  became  the  second  American  Cardinal! 

In  the  spring  of  1886,  His  Holiness,  Leo  XIIL, 
created  Archbishop  Gibbons,  of  Baltimore,  the 
second  American  Cardinal. 

27.  Who  became  President  in  1889? 

Cleveland  was  succeeded,  in  1889,  by  Benjamin 
Harrison,  grandson  of  President  William  Henry 
Harrison,  and  great-grandson  of  Benjamin  Har 
rison,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


123 


28.  What  new  States  were  admitted  into  the  Union  early 
in  1889? 

North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana,  and 
Washington. 

29.  What  Centennial  Anniversary  occurred  April  30, 1889  ? 
The  centennial  of  Washington's  inauguration. 

30.  How  was  it 
celebrated? 

By  great  na 
tional  rejoic 
ing  and  festiv 
ity.  Business 
was  suspended 
for  three  days ; 
and  in  New 
York,  naval, 
military,  and 
civic  parades 
took  place. 

31.  Wli  ere  were 
commemo  r  a  t  i  v  e 

exercises  held?  BENJAMIN  HARRISON. 

At  the  Sub-Treasury  Building  in  Wall  Street, 
which  occupies  the  site  of  Federal  Hall,  the  scene 
of  Washington's  inauguration. 

32.  How  were  these  exercises  concluded? 

By  the  benediction  given  by  His  Grace,  Arch 
bishop  Corrigan  of  New  York. 

33.  What  event  occurred  in  November,  1889? 

In  November,  1889,  the  Centennial  of  the  estab- 


124  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

lishment  of  the  Catholic  hierarchy  in  this  coun 
try  was  celebrated. 

34.  What  body  met  at  the  same  time  ? 

The  first  Catholic  lay  Congress,  consisting  of 
about  1,500  delegates,  assembled  in  Baltimore. 

35.  What  States  were  admitted  into  the  Union  in  1890  ? 
Idaho  and  Wyoming. 

36.  What  bill  passed  Congress  in  1800  ? 

The  McKinley  Bill,  which  made  noted  changes 
in  the  Tariff  Law. 

37.  What  distinguished  Americans  died  in  1801  ? 
General   W.    T.    Sherman,   Admiral    Porter, 

and  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston. 

38.  Who  became  President  in  1803  ? 

Grover  Cleveland,  the  Democratic  candidate. 

39.  What  bill  passed  Congress  in  1894  ? 

The  Wilson  Bill,  by  which  the  high  tariff  of 
the  McKinley  Bill  was  considerably  modified. 

40.  What  State  was  admitted  in  1890  ? 
Utah. 

41.  Who  became  President  in  1807  ? 

William  McKinley,  the  Republican  candidate. 

42.  What  bill  was  passed  by  Congress  in  1897  ? 

The  Dingley  Bill,  by  which  a  generally  higher 
and  more  protective  tariff  was  enacted. 

43.  Why  did  our  country  go  to  war  with  Spain  in  April, 
1898? 

Because  Spain  could  not  governCuba  peaceably. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  125 

44.  What  were  the  chief  incidents  of  the  war  ? 

The  destruction  of  the  Spanish  fleet  in  the 
Philippines  by  Commodore  Dewey  in  May;  the 
destruction  of  the  Spanish  fleet  in  the  West  In 
dies  by  Admiral  Sampson  and  Commodore  Schley 
in  July;  the  taking  of  Santiago  de  Cuba  by  Gen 
eral  Shafter  in  July;  and  the  invasion  of  Porto 
Rico  by  General  Miles  in  July  and  August. 

45.  What  was  the  result  of  the  war  ? 

The  cession  to  our  country  of  Porto  Rico,  the 
Philippines,  and  Guam,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Spain  also  gave  up  all  claim  to  Cuba. 

46.  What  other  islands  were  annexed  in  1808  ? 

The  Hawaiian  Islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

47.  What  are  the  statistics  of  Catholicity  in  the  United 
States  for  1900  ? 

The  Catholic  hierarchy,  which,  in  1800,  con 
sisted  of  one  bishop,  in  1000  numbered  fourteen 
Archbishops,  one  being  a  Cardinal,  and  seventy- 
seven  Bishops.  The  Catholic  population  was 
about  12,000,000. 

48.  How  did  President  McKinley's  administration  end  ? 

McKinley  was  murdered  in  1901.  He  was  suc 
ceeded  by  the  Vice-President,  Theodore  Roosevelt, 
who  was  elected  for  another  term  in  1904. 

49.  What  State  was  admitted  in  1907  ? 
Oklahoma. 

50.  Who  became  President  in  1909  ? 

William  II.  Taft,  the  Republican  candidate. 


126  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


SYNOPSIS. 

L  On  the  death  of  Lincoln,  he  was  immediately  sue- 
ceeded  by  the  Vice-President,  Andrew  Johnson.  During 
this  administration,  notwithstanding  the  President's  veto, 
Congress  passed  the  Reconstruction  Act. 

II.  In  1869,  General  Grant  succeeded  to  the  Presi 
dential  chair.      During  his  administration,  the  Fifteenth 
Amendment  was  adopted,  and  the  dispute  concerning  the 
"Alabama  Claims »  settled. 

III.  In  1875*  His  Holiness,  Pius  IX.,  named,  as  the  first 
American  Cardinal,  Archbishop  McCloskey,  of  New  York. 

IV.  In  1876,  the  United  States  celebrated  the  Centen 
nial  Anniversary  of  American  Independence. 

V.  March  4th9  1877,  Eutherford  B.  Hayes,  after  a 
warmly  contested  election,  became  President  of  the  United 
States.     His  measures  toward  the  South  were  conciliatory. 

VI.  In  1881,  James  A.  Garfield  became  President,  but 
four  months  afterwards  was  cruelly  shot.    He  was  succeeded 
by  the  Vice-President,  Chester  A.  Arthur. 

VII.  Arthur  was  succeeded,  in    1885,   by  Grover 
Cleveland. 

VIII.  In  1880 ,  His  Holiness,  Leo  XIII.,  raised  to  the 
Cardinalate,  His  Grace,  Archbishop  Gibbons  of  Baltimore. 

IX.  Cleveland  ivas  succeeded  by  Benjamin  Harri 
son,  the  twenty-third  President  (1889). 

X.  On  April  3Oth,  1889,  the  Centennial  of  Wash 
ington's  Inauguration  was  celebrated. 

XI.  In  November,  1889,  the  one  hundredth  anni 
versary  of  the  establishment  of  the  Catholic  hierarchy  in 
the  United  States  w;is  celebrated. 

XII.  In  1893,  Cleveland  again  became  President. 

XIII.  In  JcS07, McKinley  was  elected  President,  and  in 
1898  our  country  had  a  short  war  with  Spain.     McKinley 
died  in  1901  and  was  succeeded  by  Theodore  Roosevelt. 

XIV.  In  19O99  Roosevelt  was  succeeded  by  Taft. 


HISTORY  OF   THE   UNITED  STATES,  127 

LESSON    IV. 

Chronological  Review. — Nineteenth  Century. 
'. — .The  capital  removed  from  Philadelphia  to  Wash 


iiigton. 

18O1. — Jefferson  inaugurated  President. 

18O3.— Louisiana  purchased  from  the  French. 

18O5.— Jesuits  restored  in  the  United  States. 

18O(>.—  Dominicans  founded  a  house  in  Kentucky. 

18O7.— Fulton's  first  steamboat,  the  Clermont,  on  the 
Hudson. 

18O9.— Mother  Seton  established  the  Sisters  of  Charity 
at  Emmetsburg. 

1800.—  Madison  inaugurated. 

1812. — War  declared  against  England.  Detroit  surren 
dered. 

1813. — Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie. 

1814.— Bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry. 

1815.— Battle  of  New  Orleans. 

181 7.— Monroe  inaugurated.'  Ladies  of  Sacred  Heart  in 
New  Orleans. 

1 8 2O.— Missouri  Compromise  Bill  passed. 

1823.—  Western  Indian  missions  renewed  under  Jesuits. 

1825. — John  Q.  Adams  inaugurated  President. 

1 826.— Jefferson  and  the  elder  Adams  died. 

1829. — Jackson  inaugurated  President. 

1 835.— Seminole  War  begun. 

1837. — Van  Buren  inaugurated  President. 

184O.— Father  De  Smet  went  on  the  Indian  mission. 

1 84 1.— Harrison  inaugurated.  Harrison  died.  Tyler 
inaugurated. 

1845.— Polk  inaugurated.     Texas  admitted. 


128  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

1846.— War  with  Mexico.  Oregon  City  made  a  metro* 
politan  see. 

184=7.— Vera  Cruz  captured.  The  City  of  Mexico 
surrendered. 

2848.— Treaty  of  peace  between  United  States  and 
Mexico. 

1 848.— Gold  discovered  in  California. 

184:9. — Taylor  inaugurated. 

185O.— Taylor  died.     Fillmore  inaugurated. 

185O.—  California  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1853.— Pierce  inaugurated. 

1854:.— Missouri  Compromise  Bill  repealed. 

1857* — Buchanan  inaugurated. 

1858.—  Minnesota  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1859*^ Oregon  admitted  into  the  Unioiv 

IS  GO. — South  Carolina  seceded  from  the  Union. 

1861. — Kansas  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1861. — South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Florida  form  Southern  Confederacy. 

1 8 61.— Jefferson  Davis  elected  President  of  the  Confed 
eracy. 

1801. — Abraham  Lincoln  inaugurated  President  of  the 
United  States. 

1861-65.-CivH  War. 

1861.—  Attack  on  Fort  Sumte^,  Virginia  joins  the  Con 
federacy.  First  battle  of  Bull  Run. 

1862.— Forts  Donelson  and  Henry  captured.  Contest 
between  the  Monitor  and  Merrimac.  Capture  of  New  Or 
leans.  Peninsular  Campaign.  Invasion  of  Maryland  by  Lee. 
Battle  of  Antietam.  Battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Battle  of 
Murfreesboro. 

1863.— Battle  of  Chancellorsville.  Battle  of  Gettysburg. 
Surrender  of  Vicksburg.  Death  of  Archbishop  Kendrick. 

18 64.— Death  of  Archbishop  Hughes.  Capture  of  Atlan 
ta  by  Sherman.  Capture  of  Savannah  by  Sherman. 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES.  129 

'1865.— Surrender  of  the  Confederates.  Assassination 
of  Lincoln.  Inauguration  of  President  Johnson. 

1867.— Impeachment  of  President  Johnson.  Alaska 
purchased.  Nebraska  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1 8 69.— Inauguration  of  President  Grant.  Pacific  Rail 
road  completed. 

1 8 75.— Archbishop  McCloskey  created  Cardinal.  Colo 
rado  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1870. — The  Centennial  of  American  Independence. 

lg 77. —Rutherford  B.  Hayes  inaugurated  President. 

1881.—  James  A.  Garfield  inaugurated  President. 

1881.— President  Garfield  assassinated. 

1881. — Chester  A.  Arthur  inaugurated  President. 

1885. — G rover  Cleveland  inaugurated  President.  Death 
of  General  Grant.  Death  of  Cardinal  McCloskey. 

1886.— Archbishop  Gibbons  created  Cardinal. 

1889. — Benjamin  Harrison  inaugurated  President. 

1889.—  The  Centennial  of  Washington's  Inauguration. 

1 889.— The  Centennial  of  the  establishment  of  the 
Catholic  Hierarchy  in  the  United  States. 

189O.— Idaho  and  Wyoming  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1891.-T)e&th  of  General  W.  T.  Sherman. 

1892.— Celebration  of  the  four  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  discovery  of  America. 

1893.— Grover  Cleveland  inaugurated  President. 

1893.— The  World's  Fair  opened  at  Chicago. 

1896.— Utah  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1897.  —William  McKinley  inaugurated  President. 

1898.— War  with  Spain. 

1 898.— Annexation  of  Hawaii. 

19O1.  —  President  McKinley  assassinated.  Theodore 
Roost'Vflt  inaugurated  President. 

19O7*  —  Oklahoma  admitted  into  the  Union. 

1909.— William  H.  Taft  inaugurated  President. 


130  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

LESSON    V. 

Geographical  Table  No.  5. 

Antietam  Creek  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  flowing  south  into  Maryland  falls  into  the  Potomac. 

Bull  Run,  a  small  stream  in  the  northwest  part  of  Vir 
ginia,  twenty-five  miles  south  of  Washington. 

Fort  Sumtcr,  situated  in  Charleston  Harbor. 

Fort  Donelson,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  Tennessee. 

Fort  Henry,  on  the  Tenuesse'e  River,  Tennessee. 

F>*edericJisburg,  011  the  bank  of  the  Rappahaunock 
River,  sixty-five  miles  north  of  Richmond,  Virginia. 

Ghent,  a  famous  fortified  city  of  Belgium.  It  stands  on 
twenty-six  islands  connected  by  100  bridges. 

Gettysburg,  a  town  of  Pennsylvania,  thirty-six  miles 
southwest  of  Harrisburg. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  village  of  West  Virginia  situated 
at  the  junction  of  the  Shenandoah  and  Potomac  Rivers.  The 
scenery  in  the  vicinity  is  in  the  highest  degree  picturesque. 

Murfreesboro,  a  village  of  Tennessee,  thirty  miles 
southeast  of  Nashville. 

Norfolk,  on  Elizabeth  River,  the  second  city  of  Virginia. 

Richmond,  the  capital  of  Virginia,  situated  on  the 
James  River  100  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Vent  Cms,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  Gulf 
coast.  It  was  founded  in  the  latter  part  of  the  16th  cen 
tury,  near  the  spot  on  which  Cortez  first  landed. 

Vicksburg,  the  largest  city  of  Mississippi,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  400  miles  from  New  Orleans. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


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REVIEW   QUESTIONS. 


N.  'B.  — The  pupil  should  be  encouraged  to  give  the  answers 
as  much  as  possible  in  his  own  language. 

SECTION    I. 

I.  Were  the  Indians,  as  found  by  Columbus ,  the 
earliest  inhabitants  of  this  continent  ?     What  can 
you  say  of  the  Mound  Builders  ?    By  whom  was  America 
visited  in  tl:e  ninth  century?    In  the  tenth? 

II.  By  whom  was  America  discovered  in  1492  ? 
Give  some  account  of  the  early  life  of  Columbus.     By  whom 
was  he  finally  aided?    Howad  Columbus  and  his  compan 
ions  prepare  for  their  voyage?     On  what  day  did  they  first 
see  land?    How  long  had  the  voyage  been? 

III.  What  did  Columbus  do  on  landing?     When 
did  he  return  to  Spain?    How  many  voyages  did  he  make  to 
the  New  World?    Did  he  receive  the  honors  which  were  his 
due?    Where  did  he  die?    From  whom  did  America  receive 
its  name?    After  whom  should  it  have  been  named?    Who, 
in  1497,  discovered  the  mainland  of  North  America?    What 
voyage  took  place  the  next  year?    What  was  the  result? 

132 


HISTORY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  133 


SECTION    II. 

I.  Name  the  principal  discoverers  and  explorers 
who  succeeded  Columbus.    What  celebrated  mission 
ary  came  to  the  New  World  in  1502  ?     What  European  nation 
led  the  way  in  the  colonization  of  this  country?     Which  is 
the  oldest  city  in  the  United  States?    Which  were  the  first 
missions  in  the  United  States? 

II.  When  was  the  first  attempt  made  to  colonize 
Virginia?    Was  it  successful?    Give  some  account  of 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh.     When  was  a  second  attempt  made? 
What  was  the  chief  result  of  these  attempts?    What  can 
you  say  of  Father  Segura? 

SECTION    III. 

I.  When  was  the  first  permanent    settlement 
made  in  Virginia  ?    What  can  you  say  of  this  colony? 
Give  some  account  of  Captain  John  Smith.     Of  Pocahontas. 
Of  Opecancanough. 

II.  What  can  you  say  of  the  St.  Saviour  Mission 
in  Maine?     What  incident  occurred  about  this  timof 
When  was  Massachusetts  settled?    Give  some  account  of 
the  New  England  Pilgrims.     Were  they  tolerant  in  matters 
of  religion?    What  settlements  were  made  in  consequence, 
and  by  whom?     Give  some  account  of  Massasoit.     What 
happened  on  his  death? 

III.  Give  some  account  of  Champlain.    What  can 
you  say  of  the  early  Catholic  missionaries  throughout  the 
country?     Name  some  of  the  most  distinguished  in  the  north. 
Describe  the  death  of  Brebceuf.     Who  were  the  Iroquois? 

IV.  By  whom  ivas  the  territory  bordering  on 
Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan  explored  ?     Give  an 


134  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

account  of  Father  Marquette.  Of  La  Salle.  Of  Father 
Jogues.  What  says  Bancroft  of  Father  Jogues  ?  What  was 
the  result,  so  far  as  France  was  concerned,  of  the  discoveries 
and  explorations  of  her  missionaries? 

V.  Give  an  account  of  the  discoveries  of  Henry 
Hudson  and  their  results.    Where  were  the  first  Dutch 
settlements  made  ?    Where  and  when  was  the  Holy  Sacrifice 
offered  for  the  first  time  in  the  State  of  New  York?    What 
can  you  say  of  Cauglmawaga  in  1668?     From  whom  did 
New  York  receive  its  name?    What  effect  had  the  English 
Revolution  of  1688  on  Catholicity  in  New  York?    Who  was 
Captain  Kidd? 

VI.  Give  an  account  of  the  settlement  of  Mary 
land.     In  what  did  the  Maryland  Pilgrims  differ  from  those 
of  New  England?    What  was  the  result  of  the  admission  of 
Protestants  into  the  colony?    By  whom  was  Pennsylvania 
settled?    Give  an  account  of  William  Penn.     Mention  the 
other  settlements  made  in  the  seventeenth  century. 


SECTION    IV. 

I.  Wfiat  unjust  laiv  marked  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  century  in  New  York?    What  wars  took 
place  in  the  early  part  of  the  century?    Give  an  account  of 
the  invasion  of  Florida  during  Queen  Anne's  War.    When 
did  Florida  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and  with  what 
result?    Describe  the  death  of  Father  Rasle.      By  whom 
was  Georgia  settled?    What  occurred  in  New  York  in  1741? 

II.  What  was  the  origin  of  the  French  and  In 
dian  War?    What  event  disgraceful  to  the  English  has 
been  immortalized  by  Longfellow  in  "Evangeline"?     Who 
first  distinguished  himself  in  the  French  and  Indian  War? 
What  noted  city  was  besieged  during  the  war?     What  can 


HISTORY  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES.  135 

you  say  of  the  death  of  Wolfe  and  Montcalm  ?    When  did  the 
Peace  of  Paris  take  place  f 

III.  What  ivas  the  cause  of  the  American  Revo 
lution  ?     What  celebrated  Act  was  passed  in  1765?    How 
was  it  received  in  this  country?  After  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp 
Act,  what  other  Act  was  passed?    With  what  result  in  this 
country?     When  did  the  first  American  Congress  meet? 
When  was  the  first  blood  shed?     Who  was  chosen  com- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  American  forces?     What  can  you 
say  of  General  Montgomery?    Give  an  account  of  the  attack 
on  Fort  Moultrie.     What  took  place  July  4, 1776?    On  what 
embassy  were  Benjamin  Franklin,  Samuel  Chase,  Charles 
Carroll,  and  Eev.  John  Carroll  sent  in  1776? 

IV.  WJtat  took  place  in  August,  1776  ?   On  Christ 
mas  night,  1776  ?     What  nation  came  to  the  aid  of  the  Ameri 
cans  ?   Give  an  account  of  Lafayette.    What  battles  occurred 
in  1777?     In  1778?     Describe  the  massacre  of  Wyoming.     In 
what  battle  was  Pulaski  slain?    Who  was  Pulaski?    Men 
tion  one  of  the  exploits  of  General  Wayne.     What  victory 
was  gained  by  Paul  Jones? 

V.  Give  an  account  of  Arnold's  treason.     What 
battle  put  an  end  to  the  Revolution?    When  did  the  British 
evacuate  New  York?    Who  was  the  first  President  of  the 
United  States?    What  did  he  do  at  the  close  of  his  second 
term?     When  did  he  die?     Who  was  the  second  President? 

VI.  IHio    was  the  first  Bishop  in  the  United 
States  ?    Had  Catholics  been  justly  treated  in  the  United 
States  for  almost  a  century  before  the  Revolution?    What 
change  was  brought  about,  in  this  regard,  by  the  Revolution, 
and  why?    Name  some  of  the  celebrated  Frenchmen  who 
aided  our  cause.     The  noted  Irishmen,  or  descendants  of 
Irishmen.     What  aid  did  we  receive  from  Spain?    From  the 
Catholic  Indians?     Give  an  account  of  Prince  Gallitzin 
How  large  was  Bishop  Carroll's  diocese  f 


136  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 


SECTION   V. 

I.  What  occurred  during  Jefferson's  Adminis* 
tration?    By  whom  was  he  succeeded?    Give  an  account 
of  the  War  of  1812.     Name  the  Presidents  from  Jefferson  to 
Buchanan.     What  Act  was  passed  during  Monroe's  admin 
istration?    Name  the  Presidents  who  died  shortly  after  their 
election  (p.  131).     Give  an  account  of  the  Mexican  War. 

II.  What  led  to  the  Civil  War?    How  was  it  begun? 
Mention   the  principal   victories  on  each  side.     Give   an 
account  of  the  Monitor  and  the  Merrimac.     Who  was  the 
most  noted  Northern  general?     The  most  noted  Southern 
general?     What  took  place  just  as  the  war  closed? 

III.  What  act  was  passed  during  Johnson's  Ad- 
nt  inistiation?     What  occurred  between  Congress  and  the 
President?    By  whom  was  Johnson  succeeded.     What  took 
place  during  Grant's  presidency?     What  important  event 
occurred  in  1875?     What  was  celebrated  in  1876?     Who  be 
came  President  in  1877?    Was  there  any  trouble  about  the 
election?    By  whom  was  Hayes  succeeded? 

IV.  How  was  Garfield's  Administration  brought 
to  a  mournful  conclusion  ?  By  whom  was  he  succeeded  ? 
Who  succeeded  Arthur?     Who  is  the  second  American  Car 
dinal?    By  whom  was  Cleveland  succeeded?     What  celebra 
tions  took  place  in  1889  ? 

V.  Who  became  President  in  1893  ?    When  was 
the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago  opened  ?    What  were  the  im 
portant  events  of   McKinley's   administration?     Name  the 
Presidents  who  have  succeeded  him.     Name  several  tariff 
laws.     Name  the  States  admitted  to  the  Union  since  1889. 


HISTORY  OP   THE   UNITED  STATES.  137 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

I.  What  celebrated  Indian  was  fond  of  locking 
and  unlocking  his  cabin  door?     Who  was  Virginia 
Dare?    What  penalty  did  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  have  to  pay  on 
one  occasion  for  smoking  his  pipe?    What  do  you  remerubei 
about  his  mantle?    Whom  did  John  Rolfe  marry? 

II.  By  whom  tvere  the  oil  springs  of  Pennsyl 
vania  and  the  salt  springs  of  Neiv  York  discov 
ered?    By  whom  was  the  Lake  of  the  Holy  Sacrament 
discovered?    What  is  its  present  name?    Whom  does  Arch 
bishop  Spauldiiig  style  the  "Xavier  of  North  America  "1 

III.  What  Americanmissionai'f/,  like  St.  Francis 
Xavier,  died,  far  from  friends  and  kindred,  on  a 
wild  and  lonely  shore?    What  had  he  previously  dis 
covered?     Whom    does    Bancroft    style   "The   Illustrious 
Triumvirate"?     Who  was  Bancroft? 

IV.  What  memorials  have  the  Mound  Builders 
left?    What  Franciscan  monk  assisted  Columbus?    Where 
was  the  first  church  built  in  America  after  the  discovery  of 
Columbus?    What  celebrated  Dominican  labored  among  the 
Indians  for  sixty  years? 

V.  What  plant  tvas  at  one  time  the  currency  of 
Virginia?    Of  whom  does  Bancroft  say,  " TJic  West  will 
build  It  is  monumcn  t "  f.    In  what  battle  was  "  Molly  Stark  "  the 
watchword?    To  what  missionary  were  the  New  York  Dutch 
very  kind?    What  is  the  origin  of  the  expression  " Hendrick 
Hudson  and  his  crew  are  playing  ninepins  nownt    To  what 
State  does  the  motto  u Excelsior "  belong?    What  does  it 
mean? 

VI.  What  is  the  great  glory  of  the  Mainland 
colonists?     When  did  the  Civil  War  occur?    How  long 
did  it  last?    What  is  meant  by  the  "  Yankee  Cheese  Box  "I 


138  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

By  whom  was  the  "City  of  Brotherly  Love"  founded! 
What  was  held  there  in  1876?  What  does  the  word  Semi- 
nole  mean? 

VII.  Who  said,  "  Father 9  I  cannot  tell  a  lie!" 

Where  and  when  was  the  inscription,  "  Tlie  folly  of  England, 
ant]  the  ruin  of  America19  used?  Describe  the  interview 
between  General  Gage  and  the  Boston  boys.  Give  an  ac 
count  of  the  "Boston  Tea  Party."  What  gallant  action 
was  performed  by  Sergeant  Jasper? 

VIII.  Where  were  Arnold's  papers  found?    Who 

was  Arnold?  Who  is  styled  "  TJie  Father  of  his  Country"? 
Who  captured  the  British  store-ship  Margaretta?  For  what 
purpose  did  the  Abnaki  Indians  send  a  deputation  to  Bishop 
Carroll?  Who  founded  the  village  of  Loretto  in  western 
Pennsylvania?  What  two  celebrated  American  prelates 
died  during  the  Civil  War? 

IX.  By  whom  was  the  Declaration  of  Indepen 
dence  written  ?    Who  was  the  first  American  Cardinal  ? 
What  President  preceded  Grant?     How  many  Presidents 
have  we  had?    How  many  terms  did  Grant  serve?    During 
whose  administration  was  the  Missouri  Compromise  Act 
passed?    During  whose  repealed?    Which  President  was 
impeached  by  Congress?    What  father  and  son  were  Presi 
dents?    On  what  occasion  was  the  " Star-Spangled  Banner" 
composed?    How  many  Presidents  have  served  two  terms? 

X.  fFJiat  did  Napoleon  I,  say  concerning  the 
"Louisiana  Purchase"?    Who  was  the  greatest  In 
dian  missionary  of  our  age?     What  were  the  "Alabama 
Claims "?    What  was  the  Civil  Service  Bill?    What  is  the 
Presidential   Succession   Law?      Why  was  business  sus 
pended  for  three  days  in  18891 


HISTORY  OP   THE  UNITED  STATES.  139 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


A  DECLARATION  BY  THE  REPRESENTATIVES  OP  THE  UNITED 

STATES  OP  AMERICA,  IN  CONGRESS  ASSEMBLED,  JULY  4, 

1776. 

7f7ieu,  in  tlie  cotirse  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for 
one  people  to  dissolve  the  political  bunds  which  have  connected  them 
with  another,  and  to  assume,  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  sepa 
rate  and  equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  nature's  God 
entitle  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that 
they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation, 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident  — that  all  men  are  created 
equal;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable 
rights;  thatamoug  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness; 
that,  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are  instituted  among  men,  de 
riving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed;  that,  when 
ever  any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the 
right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  a  new  govern- 
ment,  laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its  powers 
in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  safety  and 
happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  estab 
lished  should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes ;  and,  accord 
ingly,  all  experience  hath  shown  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to 
suffer,  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing 
the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses 
and  usurpations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a  design  to 
reduce  them  under  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty  to 
throw  off  such  government,  and  to  provide  new  guards  for  their  future 
security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these  colonies,  and 
such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to  alter  their  former 
systems  of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  king  of  Great  Britain 
is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all  having,  in  direct  ob 
ject,  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  tyranny  over  these  states.  To  prove 
this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world : 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  neces 
sary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and 
pressing  importance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation  till  his  assent 


140  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY 

should  be  obtained}  and,  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to 
attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large 
districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of 
representation  in  the  Legislature — a  right  inestimable  to  them,  and  for 
midable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  un 
comfortable,  and  distant  from  the  depository  of  their  public  records,  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  repi'eseiitative  houses  repeatedly  for  opposing 
with  manly  firmness  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause 
others  to  be  elected,  whereby  the  legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihi 
lation,  have  returned  to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise ;  the  state 
remaining,  in  the  meantime,  exposed  tc  all  the  danger  of  invasion  from 
without  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  states;  for 
that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalization  of  foreigners,  refus 
ing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the 
conditions  of  new  appropriations  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice  by  refusing  his 
assent  to  laws  for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone  for  the  tenure  of 
their  offices,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms 
of  officers  to  harass  our  people  and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  "kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies  without 
the  consent  of  our  Legislature. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of  and  superior 
to  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  for 
eign  to  our  Constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws,  giving  his 
assent  to  their  acts  of  pretended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  ti'oops  among  us : 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment  for  any  mur 
ders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  states : 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent : 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury : 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offenses  i 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neighboring  prov 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  141 

ince,  establishing  therein  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its 
boundaries,  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  Instrument  for 
introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  colonies : 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  laws,  and 
altering  fundamentally  the  powers  of  our  governments : 

For  suspending  our  own  Legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  in 
vested  with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here  by  declaring  us  out  of  his 
protection,  and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seast  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  out  towns, 
and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercena 
ries  to  complete  the  works  of  death,  desolation,  and  tyranny,  already 
begun,  with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  in 
the  most  barbarous  ages,  and  to  tall  «•  unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized 
nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high 
seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the  executioners  of 
their  friends  and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endea 
vored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers  the  merciless  Indian 
savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction 
of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions,  we  have  petitioned  for  redress 
in  the  most  humble  terms;  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  answered 
only  by  repeated  injury.  A  prince  whose  character  is  thus  marked  by 
every  act  which  may  define  a  tyrant  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free 
people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our  British  brethren. 
We  have  warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  made  by  their 
Legislature  to  extend  an  unwnrran table  jurisdiction  over  ns.  We  have 
reminded  them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement 
here.  We  have  appealed  to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and 
we  have  conjured  them,  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred,  to  disavow 
these  usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and 
correspondence.  They,  too,  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and 
consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which 
denounces  our  separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind 
— enemies  in  war,  in  peace  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  representatives  of  the  United  States  of  Amer 
ica  in  General  Congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of 


142  SADLIER'S  ELEMENTARY  HISTORY. 

the  world  for  the  rectitnde  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name  and  by  the 
authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  de 
clare  that  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and 
independent  states ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the 
British  crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them  and  the 
state  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved ;  and  that,  as 
free  and  independent  states,  they  have  full  power  to  levy  war,  conclude 
peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts 
and  things  which  independent  states  may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  sup 
port  of  this  declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine 
Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and 
our  sacred  honor. 

The  foregoing  declaration  was,  by  order  of  Congress,  engrossed,  and 
signed  by  the  following  members : 

JOHN  HANCOCK. 

New  Hampshire.— JOSIAH  BARTLETT,  WILLIAM  WHIFFLE,  MATTHEW 

THORNTON. 
Massachusetts  Bay.— SAMUEL  ADAMS,  JOHN  ADAMS,  ROBERT  TREAT 

PAINE,  ELBRIDGE  GERRY. 

Rhode  Island.—  STEPHEN  HOPKINS,  WILLIAM  ELLERY. 
Connecticut.—  ROGER  SHERMAN,  SAMUEL  HUNTINGTON,  WILLIAM 

WILLIAMS,  OLIVER  WOLCOTT. 
New  York.—  WILLIAM  FLOYD,  PHILIP  LIVINGSTON,  FRANCIS  LEWIS, 

LEWIS  MORRIS. 
New  Jersey.— RICHARD  STOCKTON,  JOHN  WITHERSPOON,  FRANCIS 

HOPKINSON,  JOHN  HART,  ABRAHAM  CLARK. 
Pennsylvania.—  ROBERT    MORRIS,     BENJAMIN   RUSH,    BENJAMIN 

FRANKLIN,  JOHN  MORTON,  GEORGE  CLYMER,  JAMES  SMITH,  GEORGE 

TAYLOR,  JAMES  WILSON,  GEORGE  Ross. 
Delaware— CESAR  RODNEY,  GEORGE  READ,  THOMAS  M'KEAN. 
Maryland.— SAMUEL    CHASE,    WILLIAM    PACA,    THOMAS    STONE, 

CHARLES  CARROLL  of  Carrollton. 
Virginia.—  GEORGE  WYTHE,  RICHARD  HIINRY  LEE,  THOMAS  JEFFER. 

SON,  BENJAMIN  HARRISON,  THOMAS  NELSON,  Jr.,  FRANCIS  LIGHT- 

FOOT  LEE,  CARTER  BRAXTON. 

North  Carolina.— WILLIAM  HOOPER,  JOSEPH  HEWES.  JOHN  PENN. 
South    Carolina.— EDWARD   RUTLEDGE,    THOMAS   HEYWABD,   Jr., 

THOMAS  LYNCH,  Jr.,  ARTHUR  MIDDLETON. 
Georgia.— BUTTON  GWINNETT,  LYMAN  HALL,  GEORGE  WALTOH. 


14  DAY  USE 

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SADLTER'S  EXCELSIOR 
SADLIFR'S  EXCELSIOR 
SADLIER'S  EXCELSIOR 
SADLIER'S  EX( 
SAD:  IER'S  EXCELSIOR 
SADLIER'S  EXCELSIOR. 
SADLTER'S  EXCLLSIOK 
SAD!  KR'S  EXCELSIOR 

'CUT  ION. 

SADLi     rS    EXCELSIOR 
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CHILD'S  SCRIPT  SPELLER. 
COMPLETE  SPELLER. 
FIRST   READER. 
SECOND   READER. 
THIRD   READER. 
FOURTH    READER. 
F1FVU    KEADZR. 

COMPENDIUM  OK  LIT 


iURE  AND 


GEOGRAPHY,  Mo.  i. 
GEOGRAPH\,  No.  a. 
GEOGRAPHY.  No.  3. 
INTRODUCTION  TO  GEOGRAPHY. 

a  book  L-etw  •  '  N'o^.  i  and  ?. 


SA.      IER'S  EXT.ELSIOR  ELEMENTARY    HISTORY  OF  THE  U.S.  ; 
SADLlPTv'S  EA    ELS1>«R  STUDIES  IN  THE     IISTORY  OK  U.  S. 

SADLER'S  EDi  ION,  DR/SCHVSTER'L  ILL.  BIBLE  HISTORY.  ' 
SADi.IER'S     EX  "^LSTOR^MAP,     HEMISi^HEP^S. 

SA^MER^   Kxr:rs">R  MAP,  UNITED  STATES,  MEXICO, 

AND     CAN 
SADLIER'S     EX(  IJ.S.'OR 

SATM  n.R's   KX«:E  .SIOR 
SADLIF  R  s 

SADLIi.R'S 


SIOR 

EXCELSIOR 
SADLIER'S  EXCELSIOR 

PROJECTION. 
SADLIER'S   EXCF.LSIOR 
SADLIER'S   EXCELSIOR 
SADI -IER'S   EXCELSIOR 
SAHLIERS  EXCELSIOR 


MAP,  SOUTH    AMERICA. 

MAP,  EUROPE 

MAP,  ASIA. 

MAP,  AFRICA. 

MAP,  WORLD    ON     MERCATOR'S 

PHYSICAL    MAP,    WORLD. 
MAP,     HOLY     LAND. 
MAI1     OF     IRELAND. 
GEOGRAPHICAL    OBJECT    CHART. 


including  Hand  Book  for  Teacher.) 

T  VY  L  /./AM     //.     &A  DZ,  TER, 


